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1981~2015年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究

孟亚楠 孙建华 卫捷 赵琳娜

孟亚楠, 孙建华, 卫捷, 赵琳娜. 1981~2015年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2019, 24(3): 341-358. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016
引用本文: 孟亚楠, 孙建华, 卫捷, 赵琳娜. 1981~2015年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2019, 24(3): 341-358. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016
MENG Yanan, SUN Jianhua, WEI Jie, ZHAO Linna. Characteristics and Circulation Classification of Persistent Haze Events in North China during 1981-2015[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2019, 24(3): 341-358. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016
Citation: MENG Yanan, SUN Jianhua, WEI Jie, ZHAO Linna. Characteristics and Circulation Classification of Persistent Haze Events in North China during 1981-2015[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2019, 24(3): 341-358. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016

1981~2015年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016
基金项目: 环境保护部公益性行业科研专项201509001,江西省重点研发计划项目20171BBG70005

Characteristics and Circulation Classification of Persistent Haze Events in North China during 1981-2015

Funds: the Special Foundation for the Public Service Industry of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant 201509001), Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Grant 20171BBG70005the Special Foundation for the Public Service Industry of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant 201509001), Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan (Grant 20171BBG70005)
  • 摘要: 根据1981~2015年华北地区地面基本气象要素定时值数据集和地面气候日值数据集站点资料,分别利用14时实测值法和目标区域极端事件的客观识别方法挑选霾日数和持续霾事件,并分析了它们的特征;,然后对持续霾事件进行了分类研究。结果表明:(1)华北地区霾日数空间分布极不均匀,有4个大值区:吕梁山和太行山之间的河谷地区、沿太行山以东的平原、河南北部、环黄海和渤海地区。(2)华北地区共挑选出111个持续霾事件,其中,持续3~5 d的事件最多,占了总数的86.5%,最长的事件可达12 d。(3)持续霾事件和霾日数的空间分布特征相似,且存在明显的年、季变化。1981~2015年持续霾事件数呈增加趋势,冬季增加最显著,其次是秋季和春季,夏季最少。(4)结合地形、霾日数、持续霾事件的分布和环流特征把持续霾事件分为7类,对发生频次较多的4类(华北地区型,河南北部及太行山以东的平原型,河南北部型,河南北部及环渤海、黄海地区型)的环流进行了对比分析。其环流形势的主要特征包括:对流层的中低层华北地区为纬向西风气流或脊前西北气流,我国南部或东南部地区高压西部的西南气流与华北地区的偏西气流产生弱辐合下沉气流;近地面层由于地形的影响形成垂直环流圈,霾最严重的地区一般出现在地形的东坡和垂直环流圈的下沉支。近地面东南气流和低层的西南气流向该地区输送了暖湿空气和污染物。华北地区霾发生位置的不同,主要由低层我国东部或者南部高压的位置和强度,以及局地垂直环流的下沉支的位置决定。这些研究结果可以为华北地区持续性霾的防控提供参考。
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