<bold>1981～2015</bold>年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究

孟亚楠; 孙建华; 卫捷; 赵琳娜

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016

1981～2015年华北地区持续霾事件的特征及其环流分类研究

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2018.18016

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京 100029;中国科学院大学,北京 100049
2.
中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.
中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京 100029
4.
中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081

基金项目: 环境保护部公益性行业科研专项201509001，江西省重点研发计划项目20171BBG70005

计量
- 文章访问数: 763
- HTML全文浏览量: 14
- PDF下载量: 571
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-27

Characteristics and Circulation Classification of Persistent Haze Events in North China during 1981-2015

1.
Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029
4.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Funds: the Special Foundation for the Public Service Industry of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant 201509001), Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Grant 20171BBG70005the Special Foundation for the Public Service Industry of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant 201509001), Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan (Grant 20171BBG70005)

摘要

摘要: 根据1981～2015年华北地区地面基本气象要素定时值数据集和地面气候日值数据集站点资料，分别利用14时实测值法和目标区域极端事件的客观识别方法挑选霾日数和持续霾事件，并分析了它们的特征；，然后对持续霾事件进行了分类研究。结果表明：（1）华北地区霾日数空间分布极不均匀，有4个大值区：吕梁山和太行山之间的河谷地区、沿太行山以东的平原、河南北部、环黄海和渤海地区。（2）华北地区共挑选出111个持续霾事件，其中，持续3～5 d的事件最多，占了总数的86.5%，最长的事件可达12 d。（3）持续霾事件和霾日数的空间分布特征相似，且存在明显的年、季变化。1981～2015年持续霾事件数呈增加趋势，冬季增加最显著，其次是秋季和春季，夏季最少。（4）结合地形、霾日数、持续霾事件的分布和环流特征把持续霾事件分为7类，对发生频次较多的4类（华北地区型，河南北部及太行山以东的平原型，河南北部型，河南北部及环渤海、黄海地区型）的环流进行了对比分析。其环流形势的主要特征包括：对流层的中低层华北地区为纬向西风气流或脊前西北气流，我国南部或东南部地区高压西部的西南气流与华北地区的偏西气流产生弱辐合下沉气流；近地面层由于地形的影响形成垂直环流圈，霾最严重的地区一般出现在地形的东坡和垂直环流圈的下沉支。近地面东南气流和低层的西南气流向该地区输送了暖湿空气和污染物。华北地区霾发生位置的不同，主要由低层我国东部或者南部高压的位置和强度，以及局地垂直环流的下沉支的位置决定。这些研究结果可以为华北地区持续性霾的防控提供参考。
- 华北地区 /
- 霾日数 /
- 持续霾事件 /
- 空间分布 /
- 环流特征
Abstract: Based on the surface meteorological observational elements and the 1981-2015 climate daily station data from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), 1400 BST (Beijing Summer Time) moment method was used to select haze days (HDs) in North China，and an objective identification technique for regional extreme events was employed to determine persistent haze events (PHEs). Finally, the major characteristics of HDs and PHEs were obtained. The major characteristics of PHEs are as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of HDs in North China was extremely uneven, with four high- frequency regions: The valley area between Lvliang Mountains and Taihang Mountains; the plain east of Taihang Mountains; northern Henan; the gulf area of Bohai and Yellow Seas. (2) A total of 111 PHEs, with the longest one lasting 12 d, were identified. The PHEs lasting three to five days accounted for 86.5%. (3) The annual and seasonal variation of PHEs was very similar to those of HDs. The number of PHEs increased during 1981-2015, which peaked in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. (4) According to the characteristics of topography, HDs, and PHEs and their circulations, PHEs can be categorized into seven types. Among these, we compared the circulations of the four high-frequency PHE types (North China; northern Henan and the plain east of Taihang Mountains; northern Henan; northern Henan and the gulf area of Bohai and Yellow Seas). The major circulation characteristics of the four PHE types were obtained. In the mid-lower troposphere, North China was controlled by zonal westerlies or northwesterlies in the front of ridges. A sinking motion was produced by a weak convergence—formed by southwesterlies along the west of high pressure with westerlies in North China. A vertical circulation existed near the surface, which is related to the influence of topography. The most severe haze areas generally appeared in the east slope of the topography and the subsidence of the vertical circulation. Southeasterlies or southwesterlies in the lower troposphere transported moisture and pollutants into the haze area. The location of haze in North China was mainly determined by the position and intensity of high pressure in the eastern or southern China, as well as the location of the local sinking motion in vertical circulation. These results provide references for the prevention and control of persistent hazes in North China.
- North China /
- Haze events /
- Persistent haze events /
- Spatial distribution /
- Circulation characteristics

HTML全文

参考文献(36)

[1]	白志鹏, 蔡斌彬, 董海燕, 等 . 2006. 灰霾的健康效应[J]. 环境污染与防治, 28(3): 198-201. Bai Zhipeng, Cai Binbin, Dong Haiyan, et al . 2006. Adverse health effects caused by dust haze—A review[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control (in Chinese), 28(3): 198-201. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2006.03.012
[2]	Che H Z , Zhang X Y , Li Y , et al . 2007. Horizontal visibility trends in China 1981-2005 [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34(24): L24706. doi:10.1029/2007GL031450
[3]	Chen H P , Wang H J . 2015. Haze days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012[J]. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120(12): 5895-5909. doi:10.1002/2015JD023225
[4]	Ding Y H , Liu Y J . 2014. Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations with atmospheric humidity[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 57(1): 36-46. doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4792-1
[5]	Ding Y H , Wu P , Liu Y J , et al . 2017. Environmental and dynamic conditions for the occurrence of persistent haze events in North China [J]. Engineering, 3(2): 266-271. doi:10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.009
[6]	Doyle M , Dorling S . 2002. Visibility trends in the UK 1950-1997[J]. Atmos. Environ., 36(19): 3161-3172. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00248-0
[7]	范引琪, 李二杰, 范增禄 . 2005. 河北省1960～2002年城市大气能见度的变化趋势[J]. 大气科学, 29(4): 526-535. Fan Yinqi, Li Erjie, Fan Zenglu. 2005. Visibility trends in 11 cities of Hebei province during 1960-2002[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 29(4): 526-535. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.04.04
[8]	付桂琴, 赵春生, 杨荣芳, 等 . 2013. 华北平原低能见度雾霾分布及变化趋势分析 [C]//创新驱动发展提高气象灾害防御能力——S10大气物理学与大气环境. 南京: 中国气象学会
[9]	高歌 . 2008. 1961～2005年中国霾日气候特征及变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 63(7): 761-768. Gao Ge. 2008. The climatic characteristics and change of haze days over China during 1961-2005[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica (in Chinese), 63(7): 761-768. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.07.010
[10]	龚自强, 王晓娟, 崔冬林, 等 . 2012. 区域性极端低温事件的识别及其变化特征[J]. 应用气象学报, 23(2): 195-204. Gong Zhiqiang, Wang Xiaojuan, Cui Donglin, et al . 2012. The identification and changing characteristics of regional low temperature extreme events[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (in Chinese), 23(2): 195-204. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2012.02.008
[11]	Han R , Wang S X , Shen W H , et al . 2016. Spatial and temporal variation of haze in China from 1961 to 2012 [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 46: 134-146. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.033
[12]	阚海东，陈秉衡，汪宏 . 2004. 上海市城区大气颗粒物污染对居民健康危害的经济学评价[J].中国卫生经济, 23(2) :8-11. Kan Haidong, Chen Bingheng, Wang Hong. 2004. Economic assessment of health impact due to particulate air pollution in urban areas of Shanghai[J]. Chinese Health Economics, 23(2): 8-11.
[13]	Li Y J , Ren F M , Li Y P , et al . 2014. Characteristics of the regional meteorological drought events in Southwest China during 1960-2010 [J]. Journal of Meteorological Research, 28(3): 381-392. doi:10.1007/s13351-014-3144-1
[14]	刘丽伟, 李文才, 尚可政, 等 . 2015. 京津冀地区一次严重霾天气过程及其影响因素分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 31(3): 35-42. Liu Liwei, Li Wencai, Shang Kezheng, et al . 2015. Analysis of a serious haze process and its impact factors in Jing-jin-ji region[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment (in Chinese), 31(3): 35-42.
[15]	Qiu J H , Yang L Q . 2000. Variation characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depths and visibility in North China during 1980-1994[J]. Atmos. Environ., 34(4): 603-609. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00173-9
[16]	Ren F M , Cui D L , Gong Z Q , et al . 2012. An objective identification technique for regional extreme events [J]. J. Climate, 25(20): 7015-7027. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00489.1
[17]	任阵海, 万本太, 虞统, 等 . 2004. 不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送[J]. 环境科学研究, 17(1): 7-13. Ren Zhenhai, Wan Bentai, Yu Tong, et al . 2004. Influence of weather system of different scales on pollution boundary layer and the transport in horizontal current field[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 17(1): 7-13. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2004.01.002
[18]	Schichtel B A , Husar R B , Falke S R , et al . 2001. Haze trends over the United States, 1980-1995 [J]. Atmos. Environ., 35(30): 5205-5210. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00317-X
[19]	Shao M , Tang X Y , Zhang Y H , et al . 2006. City clusters in China: Air and surface water pollution [J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4(7): 353-361. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004 [0353:CCICAA]2.0.CO;2
[20]	宋连春, 高荣, 李莹, 等 . 2013. 1961～2012年中国冬半年霾日数的变化特征及气候成因分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 9(5): 313-318. Song Lianchun, Gao Rong, Li Ying, et al . 2013. Analysis of China's haze days in winter half year and climatic background during 1961-2012[J]. Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis (in Chinese), 9(5): 313-318. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2013.05.001
[21]	孙彧, 马振峰, 牛涛, 等 . 2013. 最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征[J]. 气候与环境研究, 18(3): 397-406. Sun Yu, Ma Zhenfeng, Niu Tao, et al . 2013. Characteristics of climate change with respect to fog days and haze days in China in the past 40 years[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 18(3): 397-406. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2013.12170
[22]	孙彧, 牛涛, 乔林, 等 . 2016. 华北地区雾和霾天气环流特征聚类分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 21(5): 601-613. Sun Yu, Niu Tao, Qiao Lin, et al . 2016. Cluster analysis of the circulation situation occurring during fog and haze weather in North China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 21(5): 601-613. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15119
[23]	吴兑 . 2005. 关于霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警的讨论[J]. 气象, 31(4): 3-7. Wu Dui. 2005. A discussion on difference between haze and fog and warning of ash haze weather[J]. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese), 31(4): 3-7. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2005.04.001
[24]	吴兑 . 2006. 再论都市霾与雾的区别[J]. 气象, 32(4): 9-15. Wu Dui. 2006. More discussions on the differences between haze and fog in city[J]. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese), 32(4): 9-15. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2006.04.002
[25]	吴兑 . 2008. 霾与雾的识别和资料分析处理[J]. 环境化学, 27(3): 327-330. Wu Dui. 2008. Discussion on the distinction between haze and fog and analysis and processing of data[J]. Environmental Chemistry (in Chinese), 27(3): 327-330. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2008.03.011
[26]	吴兑, 陈慧忠, 吴蒙, 等 . 2014. 三种霾日统计方法的比较分析——以环首都圈京津冀晋为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 34(3): 545-554. Wu Dui, Chen Huizhong, Wu Meng, et al . 2014. Comparison of three statistical methods on calculating haze days-taking areas around the capital for example[J]. China Environmental Science (in Chinese), 34(3): 545-554.
[27]	吴兑, 廖国莲, 邓雪娇, 等 . 2008. 珠江三角洲霾天气的近地层输送条件研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 19(1): 1-9. Wu Dui, Liao Guolian, Deng Xuejiao, et al . 2008. Transport condition of surface layer under haze weather over the Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (in Chinese), 19(1): 1-9. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2008.01.001
[28]	吴兑, 吴晓京, 李菲, 等 . 2010. 1951~2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化[J]. 气象学报, 68(5): 680-688. Wu Dui, Wu Xiaojing, Li Fei, et al . 2010. Temporal and spatial variation of haze during 1951-2005 in Chinese mainland[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 68(5): 680-688
[29]	Wu P , Ding Y H , Liu Y J . 2017. Atmospheric circulation and dynamic mechanism for persistent haze events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 34(4): 429-440. doi:10.1007/s00376-016-6158-z
[30]	Yin Z C , Wang H J , Chen H P . 2017. Understanding severe winter haze events in the North China Plain in 2014: roles of climate anomalies[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(3): 1641-1651. doi:10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017
[31]	袁媛, 周宁芳, 李崇银 . 2017. 中国华北雾霾天气与超强El Ni?o事件的相关性研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 60(1): 11-21. Yuan Yuan, Zhou Ningfang, Li Chongyin. 2017. Correlation between haze in North China and super El Ni?o events[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 60(1): 11-21. doi:10.6038/cjg20170102
[32]	张英娟, 张培群, 王冀, 等 . 2015. 1981～2013年京津冀持续性霾天气的气候特征[J]. 气象, 41(3): 311-318. Zhang Yingjuan, Zhang Peiqun, Wang Ji, et al . 2015. Climatic characteristics of persistent haze events over Jingjinji during 1981-2013[J]. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese), 41(3): 311-318. doi:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2015.03.006
[33]	赵普生, 张小玲, 徐晓峰 . 2011. 利用日均及14时气象数据进行霾日判定的比较分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 31(4): 704-708. Zhao Pusheng, Zhang Xiaoling, Xu Xiaofeng. 2011. Comparison between two methods of distinguishing haze days with daily mean and 14 o'clock meteorological data[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (in Chinese), 31(4): 704-708.
[34]	Zhao X J , Zhao P S , Xu J , et al . 2013. Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain [J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13(11), 5685-5696. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5685-2013
[35]	中国气象局 . 2010. QX/T 113-2010 霾的观测和预报等级 [S]. 北京: 气象出版社. China Meteorological Administration. 2010. QX/T 113-2010 Observation and forecasting levels of haze[S] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Meteorological Press.
[36]	朱业玉, 潘攀, 张方 . 2011. 河南大气稳定度的分布特征[J]. 气象与环境科学, 34(1): 19-22. Zhu Yeyu, Pan Pan, Zhang Fang. 2011. Distribution characteristics of atmospheric stability in Henan province[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 34(1): 19-22. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7148.2011.01.004