Influence of the Maintenance of Upper Jet Stream on Snowstorms in the Southern Part of China
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摘要: 利用欧洲中期预报中心再分析数据(ERA- Interim)分析了2014年2月9日、2015年12月5日、2016年1月20日和2018年1月24日高空急流扰动动能对暴雪的影响。在暴雪发生的过程中,通常伴有高空急流的存在。高空急流一方面维持自身的存在,另一方面其引起的垂直运动有利于暴雪的发展。垂直运动的上升支有两个方面的作用,一个是将低层暖湿空气输送到高层,为暴雪提供源源不断的水汽,另一个是将急流中的扰动动能向下输送到低层冷暖气流交汇区域,该区域也是水平风切变较大的区域,为该区域提供扰动动能,进一步促进暴雪的发生和发展。Abstract: The effects of the kinetic energy of upper jet disturbances on snowstorms on 9 February 2014, 5 December 2015, 20 January 2016, and 20 January 2018 were analyzed using ERA-Interim data. During snowstorms, an upper jet is usually present, causing vertical upward motion that aids in developing the snowstorm. The vertical motion serves two purposes. First, it transports warm and moist air at a low level to a high level, thus providing a continuous stream of water vapor for snowstorms. Second, it transports the kinetic energy of the jet disturbances downward to a intersection area of warm and cold air at a low level. This area exhibits wind shear that provides the kinetic energy of the disturbance to the local area and further promotes the occurrence and development of snowstorms.
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Key words:
- Upper jet /
- Disturbance kinetic energy /
- Eddy geopotential flux
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图 1 (a)2014年2月9日06:00、(b)2015年12月5日06:00、(c)2016年1月20日06:00、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 850 hPa风场(矢量,单位矢量20 m s−1)、扰动温度场(彩色)和位势场(实线,间隔5×102 m2 s−2)。黑色块表示青藏高原的位置
Figure 1. Wind (vector, units: 20 m s−1), eddy temperature (color), geopotential (solid line, interval: 5×102 m2 s−2) of 850 hPa at (a) 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018. The black block indicates the location of the Tibetan Plateau
图 2 (a)2014年2月9日06:00、(b)2015年12月5日06:00、(c)2016年1月20日06:00、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 300 hPa风速(彩色)。黑粗线表示青藏高原的位置
Figure 2. Wind speeds (colored) of 300 hPa at (a) 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018. The bold black line indicates the location of the Tibetan Plateau. The bold black line indicates the location of the Tibetan Plateau
图 3 (a)2014年2月9日06:00 115°E、(b)2015年12月5日06:00 120°E、(c)2016年1月20日06:00 115°E、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 120°E水平风速(彩色)、垂直运动(实线为上升运动,虚线为下沉运动,间隔:0.1 Pa s−1)、垂直环流(矢量,v单位:10 m s−1,ω单位:0.1 Pa s−1)高度—纬度剖面
Figure 3. Pressure–latitude cross sections of horizontal wind speeds (colored), vertical velocity (solid/dotted lines denote ascending/descending motion, interval: 0.1 Pa s−1), and vertical circulation (vector, v units: 10 m s−1, ω units: 0.1 Pa s−1) at (a) 115°E 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 120°E 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 115°E 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 120°E 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018
图 4 (a)2014年2月9日06:00、(b)2015年12月5日06:00、(c)2016年1月20日06:00、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 300 hPa扰动位势通量散度(黑实线,粗黑实线为正值,细黑实线为负,等值线间隔5×10−3 m2 s−3)、扰动温度(彩色)、风速(红实线,≥50 m s−1,间隔:10 m s−1)和扰动位势通量矢量(箭头)。加粗黑实线表示青藏高原所在位置
Figure 4. Eddy geopotential flux divergence (black lines, thick/thin black lines denote positive/negative values, interval: 5×10−3 m2 s−3), eddy temperature (colored), wind speeds (red lines, ≥50 m s−1, interval: 10 m s−1), and eddy geopotential fluxes (vectors) at 300 hPa at (a) 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018. The bold black line indicates the location of the Tibetan Plateau
图 5 (a)2014年2月9日06:00 115°E、(b)2015年12月5日06:00 120°E、(c)2016年1月20日06:00 115°E、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 120°E水平风速(彩色)、扰动位势通量散度(实线为正,虚线为负,间隔:5×10−3 m2 s−3)、扰动位势通量矢量(南北方向单位:104 m3 s−3,垂直方向单位:102 Pa m2 s−3)高度—纬度剖面
Figure 5. Pressure–latitude cross sections of horizontal wind speeds (colored), eddy geopotential flux divergence (solid/dotted lines denote positive/negative, interval: 5×10−3 m2 s−3), and eddy geopotential flux vector (horizontal units: 104 m3 s−3, vertical units: 102 Pa m2 s−3) at (a) 115°E 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 120°E 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 115°E 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 120°E 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018
图 6 (a)2014年2月9日06:00、(b)2015年12月5日06:00、(c)2016年1月20日06:00、(d)2018年1月25日06:00 300 hPa扰动有效位能转换(黑实线,粗黑实线为正值,细黑实线为负,等值线间隔5×10−3 m2 s−3)、扰动温度(彩色)、风速(红实线,≥50 m s−1,间隔:10 m s−1)。加粗黑实线表示青藏高原所在位置
Figure 6. Eddy available potential energy conversion (black lines, thick/thin black lines denote positive/negative values, interval: 5×10−3 m2 s−3), eddy temperature (color), wind speeds (red lines, ≥50 m s−1, interval: 10 m s−1) at 300 hPa at (a) 0600UTC 9 Feb 2014, (b) 0600UTC 5 Dec 2015, (c) 0600UTC 20 Jan 2016, and (d) 0600UTC 25 Jan 2018. The bold black line indicates the location of the Tibetan Plateau
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