基于自动站资料的近15年北京地区舒适度变化特征

姜江; 闵晶晶; 王华; 雷婷; 乔媛; 蒋志

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.21147

基于自动站资料的近15年北京地区舒适度变化特征

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2022.21147

北京市气象服务中心，北京 100089

基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金青年项目8214066，北京市科技计划课题Z201100008220002，北京市局科技项目BMBKJ202003010

详细信息

作者简介:
姜江，女，1987年出生，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为气象服务与业务应用。E-mail: jiangjiang@mail.iap.ac.cn

通讯作者:
王华，E-mail: huawang0707@sina.com

中图分类号: P463.1
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- 文章访问数: 122
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-12

Changes of Comfort Index over Beijing in Recent 15 Years Based on Automatic Station Data

Beijing Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100089

Funds: Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund (Grant 8214066), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Grant Z201100008220002), Science and Technology Project of Beijing Meteorological Bureau (Grant BMBKJ202003010)

摘要

摘要: 利用44个自动站的小时观测资料，详细分析了北京地区近15年来气温、风速、相对湿度和有效温度的分布和变化情况，结果表明：1）北京地区年平均气温、风速和有效温度都显著地受到了地形分布的影响，相对湿度没有表现出明显的地形差异。研究时段内，北京整体呈变干变暖。区域上，气温与有效温度增幅最大的区域集中在平原中心城区，西北和东北部的远郊山区增幅最小，相对湿度降低的程度在区域上较为平均；2）按有效温度的热感受等级划分，北京地区冬季平均热感受属于“寒冷”，年、春季和秋季平均热感受属于“冷”，夏季平均热感受属于“温暖”。春季、夏季和冬季变干变暖明显，秋季则存在明显的区域差异；3）北京地区年平均气候适宜日数在全年中占比41.3%。气候适宜日数变化在区域间差异较大，超过半数站点表现出“气候适宜日数”的减少。由于整体上的变干变暖趋势，导致春季“气候适宜日数”整体在增加，夏季“气候适宜日数”整体在减少。秋季的“气候适宜日数”没有表现出统一的趋势。冬季的热感受主要集中于寒冷日和冷日，“气候适宜日数”很少。
- 北京 /
- 有效温度 /
- 舒适度
Abstract: The effective temperature in Beijing has been studied by the entire available observation data. The results demonstrate the following: 1) The annual temperature, wind speed, and effective temperature in Beijing were significantly affected by the topographic distribution, without a significant difference in the relative humidity between the mountainous and the urban areas. Beijing became drier and warmer over the study period. Regionally, the stations with the largest increase in the annual and effective temperatures were concentrated in the urban areas, and the stations with the smallest increase were located in the northwest and northeast mountainous areas. Relative humidity decreased evenly across the entire area of interest. 2) According to the thermal grades of effective temperature, the temperature of winter belonged to “very cold”, that of the annual average, spring, and autumn belonged to “cold”, and that of summer belonged to “warm”. The area became dryer and warmer in the spring, summer, and winter. However, in autumn, the regional temperature difference was obvious. 3) The “weather-friendly” days in Beijing accounted for 41.3%, with large regional differences. Over half the sites showed a reduction in the number of “weather-friendly” days. The “weather-friendly” days in spring increased in number, while those in summer decreased, without any consistency in autumn. In winter, there were nearly no “weather-friendly” days, just “very cold” and “cold” days.
- Beijing /
- Effective temperature /
- Comfort index

HTML全文

图 1 （a）北京地形和（b）所选择44个气象站点空间分布（红色圆点为国家级自动站，蓝色圆点为区域级自动站）

Figure 1. (a) Beijing topography and (b) the distribution of 44 weather stations (red and blue dots represent national automatic stations and regional automatic stations, respectively)

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图 2 2006～2020年北京44站点的年平均（a）气温、（b）风速、（c）相对湿度及（d）有效温度（Effective Temperature, ET）

Figure 2. Annual mean (a) temperature, (b) wind speed, (c) relative humidity, and (d) Effective Temperature (ET) of the 44 stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 同图2，但为其变化趋势

Figure 3. Same as Fig. 2, but for the trends

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图 4 2006～2020年北京44站点的（a）春季、（b）夏季、（c）秋季及（d）冬季的ET变化趋势

Figure 4. ET trends in the (a) spring, (b) summer, (c) autumn, and (d) winter at the 44 stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2006～2020年北京44站年平均（a）寒冷日数、（b）冷日数、（c）凉爽日数、（d）舒适日数、（e）温暖日数、（f）热日数及（g）炎热日数变化趋势

Figure 5. Annual trends of (a) very cold days, (b) cold days, (c) cool days, (d) comfort days, (e) warm days, (f) hot days, and (g) very hot days at the 44 stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 有效温度指数的分级

Table 1. Table1 Grades of Effective Temperature (ET)

热感受	有效温度/°C
寒冷	<1
冷	1～9
凉爽	9～17
舒适	17～21
温暖	21～23
热	23～27
炎热	>27

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2006～2020年北京44站点四季气温、风速、湿度和ET最低、最高及平均值

Table 2. Seasonal minimum, maximum, and average values of the wind speed, temperature, humidity, and ET at the 44 stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2020

	气温（平均值）/°C	风速（平均值）/m s⁻¹	相对湿度（平均值）	ET（平均值）/°C
春季	7.2～16.0（14.2）	1.0～4.0（2.0）	37.2%～46.6%（42.0%）	−1.6～11.9（8.5）
夏季	18.8～27.2（25.5）	0.6～2.9（1.4）	59.8%～74.6%（67.1%）	12.4～23.7（21.4）
秋季	6.6～14.8（12.7）	0.6～3.6（1.4）	50.9%～66.90%（59.7%）	−2.4～12.3（8.4）
冬季	−8.7～0.7（−1.5）	0.9～4.5（1.8）	35.6%～48.8%（41.4%）	−20.0～−0.8（−6.0）

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2006～2020年北京44站四季及年平均热感受等级日数

Table 3. Days of the annual and seasonal thermal grades at the 44 stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2020

	热感受等级日数/d
	寒冷	冷	凉爽	舒适	温暖	热	炎热
春季	15	30	34	10	2	0	0
夏季	0	0	9	27	24	30	2
秋季	17	29	30	13	2	0	0
冬季	82	7	0	0	0	0	0
年	115	66	73	50	28	30	2

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