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黄明明, 邢腾飞, 赵文芳, 等. 2023. 高山滑雪赛场微波辐射计反演大气温湿廓线性能分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 28(6): 641−651. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.22147
引用本文: 黄明明, 邢腾飞, 赵文芳, 等. 2023. 高山滑雪赛场微波辐射计反演大气温湿廓线性能分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 28(6): 641−651. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.22147
HUANG Mingming, XING Tengfei, ZHAO Wenfang, et al. 2023. Accuracy Analysis of Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Retrieved Using a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer at the Alpine Skiing Venue [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 28 (6): 641−651. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.22147
Citation: HUANG Mingming, XING Tengfei, ZHAO Wenfang, et al. 2023. Accuracy Analysis of Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Retrieved Using a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer at the Alpine Skiing Venue [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 28 (6): 641−651. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.22147

高山滑雪赛场微波辐射计反演大气温湿廓线性能分析

Accuracy Analysis of Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles Retrieved Using a Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer at the Alpine Skiing Venue

  • 摘要: 利用2021年1~10月北京南郊L波段探空数据以及冬奥会延庆赛区高山滑雪赛场自动站资料,对微波辐射计反演温湿廓线的精度进行定量分析。结果表明,总体上微波辐射计反演温度与自动站、探空观测之间有较好的一致性,误差范围相对较小,可用性较好。相对湿度和自动站的一致性稍逊,相关系数为0.81,与探空观测一致性较差。微波辐射计与同址自动站、不同址探空资料对比试验表明,在0.15~0.6 km高度,微波辐射计反演温度与自动站、探空观测均具有较强相关性,均方根误差和平均偏差随高度增加均呈现相反趋势,微波辐射计反演相对湿度与探空、自动站的相关性、均方根误差、平均偏差随高度的总体变化趋势一致。对比不同时次探空与微波辐射计温度和相对湿度发现,在各个高度层,微波辐射计反演温度与探空观测均为显著正相关,呈低层高于高层的特点,相对湿度廓线之间的相关性明显不如温度,2.75~3.5 km高度甚至表现出负相关。温度各个高度层(除10 km外)平均误差均在2℃之内,均方根误差和平均偏差在3 km高度以下分别约为3.4℃和2.5℃,以上基本呈现随高度递增的趋势。相对湿度均方根误差和平均偏差在各个层次都明显较温度大,平均误差在多数层次上均较大,最大可达23.67%。降水会导致微波辐射计温度廓线在08:00(北京时间,下同)、20:00大部分高度层上误差加大,其均方根误差和平均偏差在0.5 km高度以上明显大于无降水条件。但在低层大气多数高度上,降水天气各时次相对湿度均方根误差和平均偏差较无降水时明显减小,20:00减小幅度更大些。

     

    Abstract: Through the measurement results of the Beijing Nanjiao radiosonde in January–October 2021 and measurement data of the automatic station of the Alpine Skiing Venue in Yanqing during the Winter Olympic Games, the accuracies of temperature and humidity profiles retrieved by a ground-based MicroWave Radiometer (MWR) were assessed. The results revealed that the MWR-retrieved temperature profile exhibited a good correlation with the observations from the radiosonde and the automatic station, with relatively small errors and good reliability. However, the MWR-retrieved humidity profile exhibited poor correlation with the observations from the radiosonde and the automatic station (correlation coefficient=0.81). Comparison of the results from the MWR and those of different automatic stations and the radiosonde revealed that at levels of 0.15–0.6 km, the MWR-retrieved temperature profile exhibited a good correlation with the observations from the radiosonde and the automatic station. Furthermore, the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) and Average Deviation (AD) of the MWR-retrieved temperature profile concerning the observation from the automatic station increased with increasing height and nevertheless those of the MWR-retrieved temperature profile with respect to the observation from the radiosonde decreased with increasing height at levels of 0.15–0.6 km. The correlation, RMSE, and AD of the MWR-retrieved relative humidity profile with respect to the observation from the radiosonde and the automatic station increased with increasing height. Based on the comparison between the MWR and the radiosonde, the authors observed a significant positive correlation between the MWR-retrieved temperature and radiosonde observations over the entire sounding height, which is higher in the lower atmosphere than in the upper atmosphere. In contrast, the correlation of the MWR-retrieved humidity profile with the observation from the radiosonde was significantly lower than that of the temperature profile and exhibited a negative correlation at levels of 2.75–3.5 km. The Mean Error (ME) of the MWR-retrieved temperature profile at each sounding height, except at 10 km, was within 2°C. Meanwhile, the RMSE and AD of the MWR-retrieved temperature profile were about 3.4°C and 2.5°C, respectively, at levels of <3 km. Furthermore, the RMSE and AD values of all other levels increased with increasing height. The RMSE and AD of the MWR-retrieved humidity profile were expectedly higher than those of the temperature profile at all levels. Meanwhile, the ME of the MWR-retrieved humidity profile was large at most levels, with a maximum of 23.67%. Precipitation caused the error in the MWR-retrieved temperature profile to increase at the most levels for the duration of 0800 LST and 2000 LST, in which the RMSE and AD under precipitation were expectedly higher than those under the no-rain condition at levels >0.5 km. However, the RMSE and AD of the MWR-retrieved humidity profile during 0800 LST and 2000 LST in rainy days (at most levels in the lower atmosphere) were expectedly lower than those during clear days, in which the RMSE and AD at 2000 LST degraded dramatically.

     

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