Abstract: Herein, the categories of climate change risks were studied, along with a detailed investigation of the impact of primary and secondary disasters of climate change on insurance underwriting. As a market-oriented risk management tool, insurance continues to play an important role in mitigating and adapting to losses associated with climate change. With a deepening awareness of climate change risks, the insurance industry persistently innovates new products by integrating climate change strategies into company management systems and actively engaging in innovative international cooperation. Furthermore, insurance supervisory authority bodies are promoting actions to address climate change. Nevertheless, the insurance industry still faces numerous issues, risks, and challenges in addressing climate change. In the future, China’s insurance industry should persevere to adopt measures such as product innovation by enhancing risk management and strengthening cross-industry cooperation. By fully leveraging its role in risk protection, the insurance industry can significantly support the country’s strategies for adapting to climate change.