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2022年6月山东一次暖区特大暴雨特征及形成机制研究

A study on the characteristics and causes of a warm-sector heavy rain event during June 2022 in Shandong

  • 摘要: 本文利用地面加密自动观测站、S波段多普勒天气雷达、L波段风廓线雷达等多种观测资料和ERA-5再分析资料分析了2022年6月26日山东一次暖区特大暴雨过程的降水特征和形成机制。结果表明:(1)本次过程发生在低空急流明显增强、副热带高压西伸北抬、无明显冷空气强迫的不稳定暖气团背景下,斜压性弱,有充沛的水汽输送。(2)暴雨对流系统的发展演变可分为2个阶段:局地对流快速增长阶段(26日白天)和带状对流后向传播发展阶段(26日夜间)。降水开始前,2000米以下的低层西南风逐渐增强并达到急流强度,与第一阶段降水开始时刻有较好的对应关系。26日20时后,急流强度较前期明显增强,同时急流层次也明显加深。急流出口区的降压作用配合低层气旋式切变以及差动涡度平流、暖平流和非绝热加热,促进了上升运动发展,从而加强了对流和降水强度。西南低空急流发展加强且长时间维持,强的暖湿输送使对流不稳定层结得以反复重建,为对流持续和加强提供了有利条件。(3)地面辐合线的维持是对流触发的关键因素,尤其在第二阶段中,地面辐合线、低空急流轴走向和带状对流系统移动方向近乎平行是导致对流后向传播,形成列车效应的重要原因。(4)IPI (ingredients-based propagation index)指数大值区与两个阶段对流发展传播趋势的对应关系较好,可以有效指示对流发展的潜势。

     

    Abstract: By multiple observations from regional automatic weather stations, S-band Doppler weather radar, L-band wind profile radar, and ERA-5 reanalysis data, the characteristics and formation mechanism of a warm-sector heavy rain event during June 2022 in Shandong province are analyzed. Results are as follows: (1) This process occurred under the background of an unstable warm air mass with obvious enhancement of low-level jet, the westward and northward movement of subtropical high and no obvious cold air forcing, with weak baroclinicity and abundant water vapor transport. (2) The development and evolution of the rainstorm convective system can be divided into two stages: the first stage corresponds to the rapid growth of local convections (daytime of 26th) and the second presents back-building of band-like convections (the night of 26th). Before the precipitation began, the southwesterly wind under 2000 m gradually strengthened, forming a low-level jet, which had a good correspondence with the beginning time of the precipitation at the first stage. After 20 o"clock of 26th, the jet stream was significantly strengthened, and the level of the jet stream was also significantly deepened. The depressions in the outflow area of the jet stream , the cyclonic wind shear in the lower level, the differential vorticity advection, the warm advection and diabatic heating are conducive to the development of the upwelling movement. The convection instability stratification with high temperature, high humidity and high energy is reconstructed repeatedly due to the warm and wet transport of low level jet, which is an important reason for the development and strengthening of convection.. (3) The surface convergence line is the key factor of convective triggering and gradually organizing into a band-like convective system. Especially in the second stage, the similar direction of the ground convergence line, the low-level jet stream axis and the movement direction of the radar echo is a favorable condition for backward propagation of convection and then causes the train effect. (4) The large value area of IPI (Ingredient-based propagation index) corresponds well with the propogation of convective generation in the two stages, which can effectively indicate the potential of convective development.

     

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