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星载微波散射计在西北太平洋台风定位定强中的应用研究

Application of Space-borne scatterometer in typhoon center location and intensity estimation

  • 摘要: 星载散射计是获取全球海面风场资料的重要传感器,但由于其空间分辨率较粗糙且共极化后向散射信号在高海况下“饱和”现象,限制了其在台风定位定强中的应用。本文基于ASCAT散射计探测的2023年西北太平洋92个台风样本,建立一套用于台风强度评估和中心定位的算法模型(ASCAT-TICE),并利用国际气候管理最佳轨迹档案(IBTrACS)数据集进行验证。结果表明,ASCAT原始海面风资料对于台风强度的观测存在明显“低估”现象,比IBTrACS记录强度偏低14.73m/s。经过模型优化的ASCAT海面风在台风强度评估中展现了良好的应用性,与IBTrACS台风强度均方根误差(RMSE)为 7.89m/s,偏差为3.85m/s,有效解决了ASCAT散射计探测台风强度偏低的现象。在台风中心定位方面,本方法可以有效从ASCAT粗分辨率海面风产品中提取台风中心位置,与IBTrACS资料记录的台风中心经度RMSE为0.41°,纬度RMSE为0.45°。本文证明了ASCAT散射计在台风定位定强应用能力,有效提升星载散射计测风资料在台风观测和预报业务中的应用水平,同时也为其他在轨运行的散射计台风探测提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Spaceborne scatterometers are important sensors for measuring global ocean surface wind fields data. However, their coarse spatial resolution and the saturation of co-polarized backscatter signals under high sea states limit their application in typhoon center and intensity estimation. Based on 92 typhoon samples measured by the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2023, this paper establishes an algorithm model (ASCAT-TICE) for typhoon intensity and center estimation. The model is validated by using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset. The results show that the ASCAT original ocean surface winds are significantly underestimate typhoon intensities, with a bias of 14.73 m/s when compared with IBTrACS reports. However, the corrected ASCAT ocean winds demonstrated an excellent performance in typhoon intensity estimation when compared with IBTrACS data, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.89 m/s and bias of 3.85 m/s. In terms of typhoon center location, our method can effectively estimate typhoon center locations from ASCAT"s coarse-resolution ocean wind products, with the RMSEs of 0.41° for longitude and 0.45° for latitude, respectively. Results demonstrated that typhoon center estimation accuracy are better than two ASCAT grid cells. This study proves the capability of ASCAT scatterometers in typhoon center and intensity estimation, which significantly enhancing the application of spaceborne scatterometer wind data in typhoon measurements and forecasting operations. Our model also provides technical support for other operational scatterometers in typhoon measurements.

     

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