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星载散射计在西北太平洋台风监测中的应用研究

Applications of Spaceborne Scatterometers in Tropical Cyclone Monitoring over the Western North Pacific

  • 摘要: 星载散射计是获取全球海面风场资料的重要传感器,但由于其空间分辨率较粗糙且共极化后向散射信号在极端天气下“饱和”现象,限制了其在台风定位定强中的应用。本文基于ASCAT(Advanced Scatterometer)探测的2023年西北太平洋92个台风海面风样本,建立一套用于台风强度评估和中心定位的算法模型(ASCAT-TICE),并利用国际气候管理最佳轨迹档案(IBTrACS)数据集进行验证。结果表明,ASCAT原始海面风资料对于台风强度的观测存在明显“低估”现象,比IBTrACS记录强度偏低14.73 m s−1。经过模型优化的ASCAT海面风在台风强度评估中展现了良好的应用性,与IBTrACS台风强度均方根误差(RMSE)为7.89 m s−1,偏差为3.85 m s−1,有效解决了ASCAT探测台风强度偏低的现象。在台风中心定位方面,本方法可以从ASCAT粗分辨率海面风产品中有效地提取台风的中心位置,与IBTrACS资料记录的台风中心经度RMSE为0.41°,纬度RMSE为0.45°。本文证明了ASCAT在台风定位定强中的应用能力,有效地提升了星载散射计测风资料在台风观测和预报业务中的应用水平,同时也为其他在轨运行的散射计台风探测提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Spaceborne scatterometers are important sensors for measuring global ocean surface wind fields. However, their coarse spatial resolution and saturation of co-polarized backscatter signals under extreme weather limit their application in typhoon center and intensity estimation. Based on 92 typhoon ocean surface wind samples measured by the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2023, this paper develops a computational model (ASCAT-TICE) for typhoon intensity and center estimation. This model is validated using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset. The results show that the ASCAT original ocean surface winds significantly underestimate typhoon intensities, with a bias of 14.73 m s−1 compared with IBTrACS reports. However, the corrected ASCAT ocean winds outperform IBTrACS data in typhoon intensity estimation, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.89 m s−1 and a bias of 3.85 m s−1. In terms of typhoon center location, our method effectively estimates typhoon center locations from ASCAT’s coarse-resolution ocean wind products, with an RMSE of 0.41° in longitude and 0.45° in latitude. The results demonstrate that typhoon center estimation accuracy is better than that of two ASCAT grid cells. This study proves the capability of ASCAT scatterometry for typhoon center and intensity estimation, significantly enhancing the use of spaceborne scatterometer wind data in typhoon measurements and forecasting operations. Our model also provides technical support for other operational scatterometers in typhoon measurements.

     

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