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浙江省嘉兴市S和X波段雷达在定量降水估测中的应用

Application of S-band and X-band Radars in Quantitative Precipitation Estimation to Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province

  • 摘要: 随着城市化进程的加快,山洪、泥石流、城市内涝等灾害呈现多发、重发的趋势,其所带来的社会影响和经济损失也越来越严重。因此,研发一套科学有效的雷达定量降水估计(QPE)方法,强化极端降水的监测、预报和预警,对当前防灾减灾工作具有极其重要的价值。本文利用浙江省嘉兴市1部S波段双偏振雷达和6部X波段双偏振相控阵雷达探测资料,研发了嘉兴市S波段和X波段雷达QPE产品。在对雷达观测资料进行非气象回波去除和差分传播相移的质量控制等预处理后,首先计算每部雷达的有效最低混合仰角;其次通过全球降水测量卫星搭载的双频降水雷达(GPM-DPR)提供的雨滴谱参数统计降水反演参数,计算单站雷达QPE;最后对S波段和X波段雷达QPE进行组网拼图,形成时间分辨率为1 min,空间分辨率为50 m的网格化QPE产品。为了验证所用方法的准确性,选取嘉兴地区2024年9月10日与16日两次典型的强降水过程对雷达QPE产品进行评估,参与评估的产品有嘉兴业务原X波段QPE产品,以及本方法产生的X波段、S波段,S波段和X波段融合QPE产品。结果表明,本方法研发的各项QPE产品,在精度和稳定性上都优于嘉兴业务原有X波段产品,其中S波段和X波段融合QPE产品各项性能最优。针对水平分布不均和局地性强的过程,S波段和X波段融合QPE产品可以较为精确地反映出各镇(街道)的降水分布,可用于实际精细化预警参考。

     

    Abstract: As urbanization accelerates, hazards including flash floods, debris flows, and urban inundation are becoming more frequent and severe, with escalating social disruption and economic losses. A scientific and effective radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product is essential for enhancing the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of extreme precipitation, which is of great value to current disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study used data from a single S-band dual-polarization radar and six X-band dual-polarization phased array radars in Jiaxing to develop S-band and X-band radar QPE products for the region. After preprocessing the radar observation data, including removing nonmeteorological echoes and performing quality control of the differential propagation phase, the effective minimum hybrid elevation for each radar was calculated. Then, the rain rate was estimated using single radar observations and raindrop size distribution parameters provided by the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite (GPM-DPR). Finally, the rain rate was mosaicked for multiple radars, forming a gridded QPE product with a temporal resolution of 1 min and a spatial resolution of 50 m. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, two heavy precipitation events that occurred on 10 and 16 September 2024, in the Jiaxing area were selected to evaluate the radar QPE products. The evaluated products included the original Jiaxing X-band QPE product and the X-band, S-band, and mosaic products developed in this study. The results show that the proposed QPE products outperform the original X-band product in terms of accuracy and stability, with the mosaic product yielding the best estimation result. For localized heavy rainfall with horizontally inhomogeneous distribution, the mosaicking product accurately reflects the precipitation distribution across various towns (subdistricts), contributing to the early issuance of accurate warnings.

     

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