Abstract: The Northeast China Cold Vortex is one of the main synoptic-scale system causing extreme short-duration heavy precipitation in the central and eastern parts of China. Environmental conditions are known to be distinctly different over the four quadrants of NCCV, rendering prediction of the SDHR related to NCCV more challenging. Based on 8-yr hourly rainfall observations from 32,417 automatic weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis data, 1,903 SDHR events were identified and divided into four quadrant groups according to their relative position to the center of the NCCV (CVC). The observation characteristic and environmental conditions of ESDHRs in different quadrants of NCCV were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the frequencies of SDHR in the different quadrants are, in descending order, as follows: southeast, southwest, northeast and northwest. These events are most concentrated in the plains east of the Greater Khingan, Yanshan and Taihang mountain ranges, extending as far south as northern Zhejiang. Liaoning Province experiences the highest frequency of ESDHRs. In most provinces outside of Zhejiang, the southeast quadrant sees the highest occurrence of ESDHRs. ESDHRs in the southwest and northeast quadrants occur frequently in August. The diurnal variation of ESDHRs in all quadrants is characterized by a peak at night. The SDHR related to NCCV generally occur in an environment with relatively dry water vapor, strong static instability, low-level convergence and uplift, and moderate intensity 0–6-km wind vector difference. All ESDHR samples are analyzed by establishing a new coordinate system with CVC as the origin and the radius of the northeast cold vortex (rCV) as the unit distance. The results show that the proportion of ESDHRs first increases and then decreases with the increase of the distance from CVC and azimuth angle. Up to 53.4% of ESDHRs occur in the area about 1.7 to 2.2 rCV away from CVC and at an angle of 120—210°. This area corresponds to the strong convergence zone formed by the shear line at the bottom of NCCV, which has favorable conditions such as abundant water vapor and moderate intensity 0-6 km wind vector difference. In addition, the necessary conditions for ESDHRs in the southwest quadrant are strong static instability and strong dry air in the middle layer, and the necessary conditions for ESDHRs in the northeast quadrant are stronger low-level convergence and uplift. The insights gained from this study on the ESDHR in different quadrants of NCCV can serve as valuable references for enhancing the forecasting accuracy of these intense precipitation events.