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盛夏湖南区域异常高温及其可能机理

Abnormal High Temperatures in Midsummer in Hunan Province and Their Possible Mechanisms

  • 摘要: 本研究选取湖南盛夏异常高温事件,运用统计和动力诊断方法,探讨湖南省盛夏异常高温事件特征及其形成的可能机制。主要研究结果表明:湖南省盛夏高温事件呈现出明显的上升趋势;湖南的异常高温与南亚高压的强度增强、范围东扩和西太平洋副热带高压的北抬西伸密切相关。二者耦合形成稳定的高压环流,不利于冷空气南下,增强下沉气流,减少云雨,促进地面异常升温。高压区的下沉气流引发强烈的绝热加热作用,成为区域高温的主导因素。进一步的分析表明,来自西北亚中高纬和东南部低纬度两支波列,它们分别传播至湖南以北及区域上空产生波矢量辐合,有利于该区域以北异常低压扰动及湖南上空异常高压扰动的发展加强。中高纬度系统和低纬度波列共同作用导致湖南上空异常高压加强、下沉运动增强,异常的下沉增温导致区域高温天气过程的发生。

     

    Abstract: This study focuses on AHT (abnormal high-temperature) events during midsummer in Hunan Province. Using statistical analyses and dynamical diagnostic methods, the authors investigated the characteristics of these events and the mechanisms underlying their formation. The findings show a significant increasing trend in AHT events in Hunan. These events are closely associated with the strengthening and eastward expansion of the South Asian High and the northward and westward extension of the Western Pacific Subtropical High. The coupling of these two high-pressure systems establishes a stable circulation pattern that inhibits the southward intrusion of cold air, enhances subsidence, suppresses cloud formation and precipitation, and promotes abnormal surface warming. The descending motion within the high-pressure region produces pronounced adiabatic warming, which is the dominant contributor to regional high temperatures. Further analysis identifies two wave trains: one originating from the mid-to-high latitudes of northwestern Asia and the other from the low latitudes to the southeast. These wave trains propagate toward northern Hunan and the surrounding region, where wave activity flux convergence favors the development and intensification of abnormal low-pressure circulation to the north and abnormal high-pressure circulation over Hunan. The combined influence of mid- to high-latitude circulation systems and low-latitude wave trains strengthens the abnormal high pressure over Hunan and enhances subsiding motion. The resulting anomalous adiabatic warming contributes to the occurrence and intensification of regional high-temperature events.

     

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