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基于深度学习的毫米波云雷达晴空回波识别

Clear-Air Echo Recognition of Millimeter Wavelength Cloud Radar based on Deep Learning

  • 摘要: 毫米波云雷达是探测云微物理特征的重要设备,但易受飞虫、飞鸟、气溶胶等非气象目标影响产生晴空回波,导致反演偏差。为提升晴空回波识别精度与普适性,本文提出并实现了一种通用的毫米波云雷达晴空回波识别的深度学习模型—ATNN(Multi-Head Attention Neural Networks),仅利用反射率因子、径向速度、相对高度三种数据产品实现垂直结构特征的自适应学习。基于广西百色市毫米波云雷达观测资料的测试表明:ATNN 在汛期的评分较高,晴空回波识别率平均值为91.98%,气象回波保留率平均值为94.28%;在非汛期过渡到汛期期间,ATNN 评分稍低,晴空回波识别率平均值为87.56%,气象回波保留率平均值为86.38%;相比ATNN,NN(Neural Networks)对晴空回波的识别率稍高,但会把低空强度较低的大量气象回波误判为晴空回波,在非汛期期间气象回波保留率平均仅有54.96%。进一步利用全国15部云雷达资料评估验证,ATNN平均晴空回波剔除率为81.17%,气象回波保留率达93.89%,展现出良好的区域适应性。

     

    Abstract: Millimeter-wavelength cloud radar serves as a pivotal instrument for cloud microphysical characterization but is susceptible to clear-air echoes induced by insects, birds, and aerosols, leading to considerable retrieval biases. To enhance detection accuracy and generalizability, this study presents ATNN (Multi-Head Attention Neural Networks), a universal deep learning framework that exclusively employs the reflectivity factor, radial velocity, and relative height for adaptive learning of vertical structural features. Evaluated on observations from Baise, Guangxi, ATNN demonstrates robust performance during the rainy season, achieving a clear-air echo detection rate of 91.98% and a meteorological echo preservation rate of 94.28%; during the non-flood season transition, these metrics are 87.56% and 86.38%, respectively. In contrast, conventional neural networks (NN) achieve marginally higher detection rates but misclassify numerous low-altitude, weak meteorological echoes as clear-air signals, yielding a preservation rate of only 54.96% in non-flood periods. Nationwide validation across 15 operational radar sites further confirms that ATNN attains an average clear-air echo removal rate of 81.17% while preserving 93.89% of meteorological echoes, thereby demonstrating strong regional adaptability.

     

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