Abstract: The Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been conducting SHATLE (SHAndong Triggering Lightning Experiment) in Binzhou City, Shandong Province, for the past two decades. This paper reviews the key achievements of the experiment from 2005 to 2025. We specially designed and developed a trailing-wire-rocket for SHATLE, a technology that has since been employed in all triggering lightning experiments in China. Notably, SHATLE provided China’ s first microsecond-resolution observations of lightning-current waveforms and their corresponding close-range electric field variations, accumulating a comprehensive dataset spanning two decades of experimental observations. Through the continuous development and upgrading of high spatiotemporal-resolution lightning detection technologies, this study reveals the intermittent and stepping propagation characteristics and mechanisms of positive leaders, proposes novel mechanisms for lightning–ground object interactions, and identifies the influence of intracloud discharge processes on lightning grounding and M-component processes. Further, triggered lightning discharge processes are modeled based on observational data and analysis, enhancing the understanding of M-component mechanisms and the establishment of quantitative relationships among lightning-neutralized charge, channel currents, and electromagnetic field variations. The experiment also demonstrates the intense disturbances caused by lightning and thunderstorms in the middle and upper atmosphere, particularly through the induced Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) above thunderclouds. Recent studies have further elucidated the influence of lightning and thunderstorms on atmospheric composition. Additionally, SHATLE has become an essential testing platform for evaluating and improving lightning protection technologies in China, with applications spanning various fields.