Abstract: The drivers and mechanisms of the decadal change in summer precipitation over eastern China have been widely investigated, however, the potential impact of vegetation change over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its associated processes remain unclear. Based on GIMMS Leaf Area Index (LAI) dataset and gridded precipitation observations over China, this study investigated the relationship between the decadal increase of spring vegetation cover over the TP and the decadal change of summer precipitation over eastern China, as well as the associated mechanism. It is found that the late spring (May) vegetation over the TP has undergone notable decadal changes around 2010, with LAI anomalies turning from negative to positive. Concurrently, noticeable decadal change of summer precipitation over the eastern China has also been witnessed after 2010, with a shift from wet to dry situations over the Huaihe River basin and southern China, and precipitation anomalies turning from negative to positive over northeastern China, northern China and the middle and the lower regions of Yangtze River basin. Comparison analysis of the changes in the surface energy budget over the TP and the East Asian summer monsoon circulation indicated that, accompanied by the increase of vegetation cover over the TP in late spring after 2010, the net surface shortwave radiation increased in response to the low-albedo characteristics of vegetation, leading to an increase in surface temperature over the TP and consequently enhancing the upward surface sensible heat flux. The stronger spring sensible heat flux is favorable for a stronger atmospheric heating source in subsequent summer, which will result in the intensification and eastward extension of the South Asian High, accompanied by the strengthening and westward movement of the Western Pacific Subtropical High, thereby changing the decadal summer precipitation over eastern China around 2010. This study has elucidated the important modulating role of vegetation change over the Tibetan Plateau on the decadal change of summer precipitation over eastern China.