Abstract: To systematically reveal the characteristics of atmospheric pollutant emissions from agricultural sources in the Yangtze River Delta region, this study developed a comprehensive 4 km high-resolution agricultural emission inventory for the period 2012-2018, covering agricultural machinery, farmland soil dust, farmland soil NO, open straw burning, and agricultural ammonia. The results show that the annual average emissions of agricultural PM₁₀, PM_2.5, THC, NO_x, CO, SO₂, and NH₃ were 61.5 Gg yr-1, 54.1 Gg yr-1, 74.2 Gg yr-1, 258.2 Gg yr-1, 644.0 Gg yr-1, 4.8 Gg yr-1, and 1302.2 Gg yr-1, respectively. Spatially, emissions were highly concentrated in the agricultural areas of northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. Temporally, emissions showed a pattern of higher levels in summer and autumn and lower levels in winter and spring. From 2012 to 2018, emissions of all pollutants showed a declining trend: PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO, and THC decreased sharply by 73.1%–84.5%, mainly attributable to the effective implementation of straw burning bans; SO₂ and NO? declined rapidly but slightly more slowly than the first group (by 60.8% and 48.7%, respectively); NH₃ decreased slowly and steadily (by 16.1%). Meanwhile, the structure of agricultural emissions underwent significant transformation, with agricultural machinery replacing straw burning as the primary contributor to PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO_x, CO, THC, and SO₂, and its contribution to NO? consistently remained above 80%. The contributions from farmland soil dust and soil NO emissions increased significantly. The study results provide a scientific basis and data support for atmospheric pollution control.