Nan Lv, Zhongxi Lin, Ji Nie, Zhiyong Meng, Ping Lu. 2025: Environmental features of heavy precipitation under favoring synoptic pattern: a lesson from the 2021 Henan extreme precipitation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-025-4328-6
Citation: Nan Lv, Zhongxi Lin, Ji Nie, Zhiyong Meng, Ping Lu. 2025: Environmental features of heavy precipitation under favoring synoptic pattern: a lesson from the 2021 Henan extreme precipitation. Adv. Atmos. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-025-4328-6

Environmental features of heavy precipitation under favoring synoptic pattern: a lesson from the 2021 Henan extreme precipitation

  • In July 2021, a catastrophic extreme precipitation (EP) event occurred in Henan Province, China, resulting in considerable human and economic losses. The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive, characterized by the presence of two typhoons and substantial water transport into Henan. However, only favoring the synoptic pattern does not guaranty occurrence of heavy precipitation. This study investigates the key environmental features critical for extreme precipitation under the similar synoptic pattern of the 2021 Henan extreme event. It finds that enhanced moisture conditions, stronger updrafts and greater atmospheric instability are essential for the aggregation of cold clouds, which in turn amplify extreme precipitation. The temporal evolution of these environmental features shows a leading signal by one to three days. These results suggest the importance of combining the synoptic pattern and environmental features in the potential forecast of heavy precipitation events.
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