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Volume 22 Issue 4

Jul.  2005

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2005 >  22(4): 509-524

Surface and Upper-Level Features Associated with Wintertime Cold Surge Outbreaks in South Korea

  • 1.

    Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720,Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720,School of Earth and Environment Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 156-720


doi: 10.1007/BF02918484

  • The surface and upper-level features associated with a sharp drop of wintertime daily temperature over South Korea is investigated in this study. This sharp drop in daily temperature is called a cold surge and is one of the most hazardous weather phenomena in East Asian winters. An upper-level baroclinic wave of 60° wavelength propagating eastward at a phase speed of 12° longitude per day across the continent of northern China from the west of Lake Baikal toward the eastern coast of China causes the outbreak of cold air over South Korea. The cooling associated with the upper-level baroclinic wave is found at all altitudes under the geopotential height-fall center near the tropopause. The development in the ridge seems to derive the early evolution of the eastward-propagating sinusoidal wave, whereas the trough is connected directly with the tropospheric temperature-drop. An enhancement of the wintertime East Asian jet stream after the outbreak of a cold surge is a response to the steep temperature gradient associated with the developing baroclinic wave.
  • [1] Tae-Won PARK, Jee-Hoon JEONG, Chang-Hoi HO, Seong-Joong KIM, 2008: Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Cold Surge Occurrences in East Asia: A Case Study During 2005/06 Winter, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 791-804.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0791-0
    [2] LI Qiaoping, DING Yihui, DONG Wenjie, YAN Guanhua, 2007: A Numerical Study on the Winter Monsoon and Cold Surge over East Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 664-678.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0664-y
    [3] CHENG Xue-Ling, HUANG Jian, WU Lin, ZENG Qing-Cun, 2015: Structures and Characteristics of the Windy Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the South China Sea Region during Cold Surges, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 772-782.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4228-7
    [4] Leying ZHANG, Haiming XU, Ning SHI, Jiechun DENG, 2017: Responses of the East Asian Jet Stream to the North Pacific Subtropical Front in Spring, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 144-156.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6026-x
    [5] LIN Zhongda, LU Riyu, 2005: Interannual Meridional Displacement of the East Asian Upper-tropospheric Jet Stream in Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 199-211.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918509
    [6] Li MA, Zhigang WEI, Xianru LI, Shuting WU, 2024: Future Changes in Various Cold Surges over China in CMIP6 Projections, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 1751-1768.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3220-5
    [7] Tianshu WANG, Shengjie NIU, Jingjing Lü, Yue ZHOU, 2019: Observational Study on the Supercooled Fog Droplet Spectrum Distribution and Icing Accumulation Mechanism in Lushan, Southeast China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 29-40.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8017-6
    [8] Sun Bomin, Sun Shuqing, 1994: The Analysis on the Features of the Atmospheric Circulation in Preceding Winters for the Summer Drought and Flooding in the Yangtze and Huaihe River Valley, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 11, 79-90.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656997
    [9] LIN Zhongda, 2013: Impacts of two types of northward jumps of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in midsummer on rainfall in eastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1224-1234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2105-9
    [10] Yingxian ZHANG, Dong SI, Yihui DING, Dabang JIANG, Qingquan LI, Guofu WANG, 2022: Influence of Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming on the Unprecedented Cold Wave in East Asia in January 2021, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 576-590.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1318-9
    [11] WEI Ke, CHEN Wen, ZHOU Wen, 2011: Changes in the East Asian Cold Season since 2000, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 69-79.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9232-y
    [12] Keon Tae SOHN, Jeong Hyeong LEE, Soon Hwan LEE, Chan Su RYU, 2005: Statistical Prediction of Heavy Rain in South Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 703-710.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918713
    [13] Marco Y.-T. LEUNG, Dongxiao WANG, Wen ZHOU, Yuntao JIAN, 2023: Extended Impact of Cold Air Invasions in East Asia in Response to a Warm South China Sea and Philippine Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 531-540.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2096-0
    [14] Guoqing Li, Robin Kung, Richard L. Pfeffer, 1992: A Fluid Experiment of Large-Scale Topography Effect on Baroclinic Wave Flows, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 9, 17-28.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656926
    [15] Yin Shuxin, Tan Xinzhen, 1989: Branches of the Summer Asian Lower-Level Jet Stream and Its Influence on the Rain Belt in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 6, 377-389.  doi: 10.1007/BF02661543
    [16] Guokun DAI, Chunxiang LI, Zhe HAN, Dehai LUO, Yao YAO, 2022: The Nature and Predictability of the East Asian Extreme Cold Events of 2020/21, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 566-575.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1057-3
    [17] ZHOU Baiquan, NIU Ruoyun, ZHAI Panmao, 2015: An Assessment of the Predictability of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Based on TIGGE Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 401-412.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4026-2
    [18] ZHANG Yaocun, HUANG Danqing, 2011: Has the East Asian Westerly Jet Experienced a Poleward Displacement in Recent Decades?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1259-1265.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-9185-9
    [19] GUO Lanli, ZHANG Yaocun, WANG Bin, LI Lijuan, ZHOU Tianjun, BAO Qing, 2008: Simulations of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet by LASG/IAP AGCMs, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 447-457.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0447-0
    [20] Ziqun Zhang, hongyan cui, Fangli Qiao, Baoxu Chen, yang song, Xiaohui Sun, Chang Gao, 2024: Effect of the Blocking High-East Asian Trough on three Extreme Cold Events in Eastern Asia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-4029-6
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 2005
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 2005
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Surface and Upper-Level Features Associated with Wintertime Cold Surge Outbreaks in South Korea

    • 1. Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720,Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720,School of Earth and Environment Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 156-720
    • Manuscript received: 2005-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2005-07-10

    Abstract: The surface and upper-level features associated with a sharp drop of wintertime daily temperature over South Korea is investigated in this study. This sharp drop in daily temperature is called a cold surge and is one of the most hazardous weather phenomena in East Asian winters. An upper-level baroclinic wave of 60° wavelength propagating eastward at a phase speed of 12° longitude per day across the continent of northern China from the west of Lake Baikal toward the eastern coast of China causes the outbreak of cold air over South Korea. The cooling associated with the upper-level baroclinic wave is found at all altitudes under the geopotential height-fall center near the tropopause. The development in the ridge seems to derive the early evolution of the eastward-propagating sinusoidal wave, whereas the trough is connected directly with the tropospheric temperature-drop. An enhancement of the wintertime East Asian jet stream after the outbreak of a cold surge is a response to the steep temperature gradient associated with the developing baroclinic wave.

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