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# Parameterization of the Absorption of the H2O Continuum, CO2, O2, and Other Trace Gases in the Fu-Liou Solar Radiation Program

• The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2,CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1 are taken as a new singlemixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H2O line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm-1 solar spectral region, ～1% for H2O (line)+H2O (continuum)+CO2+CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1, and ～1.5% for H2O (line)+H2O (continuum)+O2 in the 7700-14500 cm-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (～12 W m-2) among which the H2O continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top.
•  [1] HU Banghui, YANG Xiuqun, TAN Yanke, WANG Yongqing, FAN Yong, 2010: A New Method for Calculating the Wind Speed Distribution of a Moving Tropical Cyclone, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 69-79.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-7209-5 [2] HUO Yanfeng, DUAN Minzheng, TIAN Wenshou, MIN Qilong, 2015: A Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Method for X CO2 Retrieval from Ground-Based Fourier Transform Spectrometers Measurements of the Direct Solar Beam, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1119-1128.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-4213-9 [3] Qiu Jinhuan, Wang Hongqi, Zhou Xiuji, Lu Daren, 1985: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY COMBINED SOLAR EXTINCTION AND FORWARD SCATTERING METHOD, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 307-315.  doi: 10.1007/BF02677246 [4] Zhao Bolin, Han Qingyuan, Zhu Yuanjing, 1985: A STUDY ON ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW IN MICROWAVE BAND, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2, 28-34.  doi: 10.1007/BF03179734 [5] QIU Jinhuan, YANG Jingmei, 2008: Absorption Properties of Urban/Suburban Aerosols in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 1-10.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0001-0 [6] Liu Jinli, 1986: CALCULATIONS OF ABSORPTION, ATTENUATION, AND BACKSCATTERING OF HAILSTONES AND THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 3, 454-465.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657935 [7] Yu Rucong, Zhang Minghua, Yu Yongqiang, Liu Yimin, 2001: Summer Monsoon Rainfalls over Mid-Eastern China Lagged Correlated with Global SSTs, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 179-196.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0012-6 [8] Ting WANG, Jianfang FEI, Xiaoping CHENG, Xiaogang HUANG, Jian ZHONG, 2018: Estimating the Correlated Observation-Error Characteristics of the Chinese FengYun Microwave Temperature Sounder and Microwave Humidity Sounder, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1428-1441.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8014-9 [9] Yihe FANG, Haishan CHEN, Yi LIN, Chunyu ZHAO, Yitong LIN, Fang ZHOU, 2021: Classification of Northeast China Cold Vortex Activity Paths in Early Summer Based on K-means Clustering and Their Climate Impact, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 400-412.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0118-3 [10] P.C.S. Devara, P. Ernest Raj, 1992: Atmospheric NO2 Concentration Measurements Using Differential Absorption Lidar Technique, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 9, 73-82.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656932 [11] Duo CHAN, Qigang WU, Guixiang JIANG, Xianglin DAI, 2016: Projected Shifts in Köppen Climate Zones over China and Their Temporal Evolution in CMIP5 Multi-Model Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 283-293.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5077-8 [12] Wang Tijian, Sun Zhaobo, Li Zongkai, 1999: A Condensed Gas-Phase Chemical Model and Its Application, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 608-618.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0035-y [13] Pengfei HAN, Ning ZENG, Bo YAO, Weijian ZHOU, Liqi CHEN, Shaoqiang WANG, Honggang LV, Wei XIAO, Lingyun ZHU, Jiaping XU, 2020: Preface to Special Topic on Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Application in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 555-556.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9300-x [14] LI Suwen, LIU Wenqing, XIE Pinhua, LI Ang, QIN Min, DOU Ke, 2007: Measurements of Nighttime Nitrate Radical Concentrations in the Atmosphere by Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 875-880.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0875-2 [15] Wang Gengchen, Kong Qinxin, 1987: A STUDY ON NO AND NO2 ABSORPTION PROPERTIES BY USING LINE-TUNABLE CO LASER, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 4, 218-224.  doi: 10.1007/BF02677068 [16] Mohamed F. YASSIN, 2009: Numerical Study of Flow and Gas Diffusion in the Near-Wake behind an Isolated Building, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1241-1252.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8025-7 [17] WANG Yinghong, WANG Yuesi, LING Hong, 2010: A New Carrier Gas Type for Accurate Measurement of N$_{2}$O by GC-ECD, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1322-1330.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9212-2 [18] Xiang LI, Yiyong LUO, 2016: Response of North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water to Greenhouse Gas Versus Aerosol Forcing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 522-532.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5092-9 [19] Israel LOPEZ-COTO, Subhomoy GHOSH, Kuldeep PRASAD, James WHETSTONE, 2017: Tower-Based Greenhouse Gas Measurement Network Design——The National Institute of Standards and Technology North East Corridor Testbed, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1095-1105.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6094-6 [20] MA Jianzhong, XU Xiaobin, ZHAO Chunsheng, YAN Peng, 2012: A Review of Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Photochemical Smog, Haze Pollution, and Gas-Aerosol Interactions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1006-1026.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1188-7

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## Manuscript History

Manuscript revised: 10 July 2005
###### 通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
• 1.

沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

## Parameterization of the Absorption of the H2O Continuum, CO2, O2, and Other Trace Gases in the Fu-Liou Solar Radiation Program

• 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095

Abstract: The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2,CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1 are taken as a new singlemixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H2O line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm-1 solar spectral region, ～1% for H2O (line)+H2O (continuum)+CO2+CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1, and ～1.5% for H2O (line)+H2O (continuum)+O2 in the 7700-14500 cm-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (～12 W m-2) among which the H2O continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top.

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