Advanced Search
Article Contents

A Heavy Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005: Analysis and Numerical Modeling


doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0065-2

  • In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100~m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency (JMA) are used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement are reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as: (1) southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600~m; (2) when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; (3) the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and (4) strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study are that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly warm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.
  • [1] Myoung-Hwan AHN, Eun-Ha SOHN, Byong-Jun HWANG, 2003: A New Algorithm for Sea Fog/Stratus Detection Using GMS-5 IR Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 899-913.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915513
    [2] Peter CHU, CHEN Yuchun, Akira KUNINAKA, 2005: Seasonal Variability of the Yellow Sea/East China Sea Surface Fluxes and Thermohaline Structure, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 1-20.  doi: 10.1007/BF02930865
    [3] LIU Hongnian, JIANG Weimei, HUANG Jian, MAO Weikang, 2011: Characteristics of the Boundary Layer Structure of Sea Fog on the Coast of Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1377-1389.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0191-8
    [4] Huijun HUANG, Bin HUANG, Li YI, Chunxia LIU, Jing TU, Guanhuan WEN, Weikang MAO, 2019: Evaluation of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Predicting Sea Fog over the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 623-642.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8184-0
    [5] ZHOU Yang, JIANG Jing, Youyu LU, and HUANG Anning, 2013: Revealing the effects of the El Nio-Southern oscillation on tropical cyclone intensity over the western North Pacific from a model sensitivity study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1117-1128.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2109-5
    [6] Rucong YU, Yi ZHANG, Jianjie WANG, Jian LI, Haoming CHEN, Jiandong GONG, Jing CHEN, 2019: Recent Progress in Numerical Atmospheric Modeling in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 938-960.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8203-1
    [7] LI Yunying, ZHAO Jiaozhi, 2007: Roles of Mesoscale Terrain and Latent Heat Release in Typhoon Precipitation: A Numerical Case Study, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 35-43.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0035-8
    [8] Xuewei FANG, Zhi LI, Chen CHENG, Klaus FRAEDRICH, Anqi WANG, Yihui CHEN, Yige XU, Shihua LYU, 2023: Response of Freezing/Thawing Indexes to the Wetting Trend under Warming Climate Conditions over the Qinghai –Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010: A Numerical Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 211-222.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2109-z
    [9] Xiao Qingnong, Guo Weidong, Zhou Xiaoping, 1996: Preliminary Results from Numerical Experiments of a Heavy Rain Process with PENN STATE / NCAR MM5, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 539-547.  doi: 10.1007/BF03342044
    [10] WAN Rijin, ZHAO Bingke, WU Guoxiong, 2009: New Evidences on the Climatic Causes of the Formation of the Spring Persistent Rains over Southeastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1081-1087.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-7202-z
    [11] Yunji ZHANG, Eugene E. CLOTHIAUX, David J. STENSRUD, 2022: Correlation Structures between Satellite All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures and the Atmospheric State at Storm Scales, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 714-732.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0352-3
    [12] JING Li, LU Hancheng, WANG Hanjie, ZHU Min, KOU Zheng, 2004: A Mesoscale Analysis of Heavy Rain Caused by Frontal and Topographical Heterogeneities on Taiwan Island, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 909-922.  doi: 10.1007/BF02663597
    [13] LIN Wenshi, Cholaw BUEH, 2006: The Cloud Processes of a Simulated Moderate Snowfall Event in North China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 235-242.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0235-7
    [14] FU Danhong, GUO Xueliang, 2006: A Cloud-resolving Study on the Role of Cumulus Merger in MCS with Heavy Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 857-868.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0857-9
    [15] GAO Yanhong, Yongkang XUE, PENG Wen, Hyun-Suk KANG, Duane WALISER, 2011: Assessment of Dynamic Downscaling of the Extreme Rainfall over East Asia Using a Regional Climate Model, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1077-1098.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0039-7
    [16] GAO Shouting, Xiaofan LI, 2008: Impacts of Initial Conditions on Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 737-747.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0737-6
    [17] Wang Huijun, Zeng Qingcun, 1994: A GCM Study on the Mechanism of Seasonal Abrupt Changes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 11, 51-56.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656993
    [18] Tong ZHU, Da-Lin ZHANG, 2006: The Impact of the Storm-Induced SST Cooling on Hurricane Intensity, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 14-22.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0002-9
    [19] XU Zhifang, GE Wenzhong, DANG Renqing, Toshio IGUCHI, Takao TAKADA, 2003: Application of TRMM/PR Data for Numerical Simulations with Mesoscale Model MM5, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 185-193.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-003-0003-x
    [20] LIU Guimei, WANG Hui, SUN Song, HAN Boping, 2003: Numerical Study on the Velocity Structure around Tidal Fronts in the Yellow Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 20, 453-460.  doi: 10.1007/BF02690803

Get Citation+

Export:  

Share Article

Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 January 2007
Manuscript revised: 10 January 2007
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

A Heavy Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005: Analysis and Numerical Modeling

  • 1. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,Qingdao Meteorology Observatory, Qingdao 266003,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003

Abstract: In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100~m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency (JMA) are used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement are reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as: (1) southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600~m; (2) when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; (3) the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and (4) strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study are that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly warm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return