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Volume 24 Issue 2

Mar.  2007

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2007 >  24(2): 281-300

Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event

  • 1.

    Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,School of Meteorology and Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA


doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0281-9

  • The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4--5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model (MM5) and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation (4DVAR) system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales. Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance.
  • [1] CHU Ke-Kuan, TAN Zhe-Min, 2010: Mesoscale Moist Adjoint Sensitivity Study of a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1415-1424.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9213-1
    [2] SUN Jianhua, ZHAO Sixiong, XU Guangkuo, MENG Qingtao, 2010: Study on a Mesoscale Convective Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall during the Mei-yu Season in 2003, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1193-1209.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9156-6
    [3] Jincheng WANG, Xingwei JIANG, Xueshun SHEN, Youguang ZHANG, Xiaomin WAN, Wei HAN, Dan WANG, 2023: Assimilation of Ocean Surface Wind Data by the HY-2B Satellite in GRAPES: Impacts on Analyses and Forecasts, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 44-61.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1349-2
    [4] ZHAO Sixiong, BEI Naifang, SUN Jianhua, 2007: Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Hong Kong During a Pre-rainy Season in South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 555-572.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0555-2
    [5] WANG Yunfeng, WANG Bin, HAN Yueqi, ZHU Min, HOU Zhiming, ZHOU Yi, LIU Yudi, KOU Zheng, 2004: Variational Data Assimilation Experiments of Mei-Yu Front Rainstorms in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 587-596.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915726
    [6] LIU Juan, WANG Bin, LIU Hailong, YU Yongqiang, 2008: A New Global Four-Dimensional Variational Ocean Data Assimilation System and Its Application, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 680-691.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0680-6
    [7] Ji-Hyun HA, Hyung-Woo KIM, Dong-Kyou LEE, 2011: Observation and Numerical Simulations with Radar and Surface Data Assimilation for Heavy Rainfall over Central Korea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 573-590.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0035-y
    [8] Wang Yunfeng, Wu Rongsheng, Wang Yuan, Pan Yinong, 2000: A Simple Method of Calculating the Optimal Step Size in 4DVAR Technique, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 433-444.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0034-5
    [9] Jing YANG, Gaopeng LU, Ningyu LIU, Haihua CUI, Yu WANG, Morris COHEN, 2017: Analysis of a Mesoscale Convective System that Produced a Single Sprite, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 258-271.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6092-0
    [10] WANG Bin, LIU Juanjuan, WANG Shudong, CHENG Wei, LIU Juan, LIU Chengsi, Qingnong XIAO, Ying-Hwa KUO, 2010: An Economical Approach to Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 715-727.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9122-3
    [11] Yali LUO, Weimiao QIAN, Yu GONG, Hongyan WANG, Da-Lin ZHANG, 2016: Ground-Based Radar Reflectivity Mosaic of Mei-yu Precipitation Systems over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basins, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1285-1296.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6022-1
    [12] LIU Dongxia, QIE Xiushu, XIONG Yajun, FENG Guili, 2011: Evolution of the Total Lightning Activity in a Leading-Line and Trailing Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System over Beijing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 866-878.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0001-8
    [13] Xiangjun TIAN, Xiaobing FENG, 2019: An Adjoint-Free CNOP-4DVar Hybrid Method for Identifying Sensitive Areas in Targeted Observations: Method Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, , 721-732.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9001-5
    [14] LIPING LUO, Ming Xue, Xin Xu, Lijuan Li, Qiang Zhang, Ziqi Fan, 2024: Understanding Simulated Causes of Damaging Surface Winds in a Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective System near the East China Coast based on Convection-Permitting Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3314-8
    [15] LIU Jianyong, TAN Zhe-Min, 2009: Mesoscale Predictability of Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 438-450.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0438-9
    [16] Changhai LIU, 2005: A Numerical Investigation of a Slow-Moving Convective Line in a Weakly Sheared Environment, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 625-639.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918706
    [17] Zhiwei HE, Qinghong ZHANG, Jun SUN, 2016: The Contribution of Mesoscale Convective Systems to Intense Hourly Precipitation Events during the Warm Seasons over Central East China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1233-1239.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6034-x
    [18] CHEN Min, ZHENG Yongguang, 2004: Vorticity Budget Investigation of a Simulated Long-Lived Mesoscale Vortex in South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 928-940.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915595
    [19] Honglei ZHANG, Ming XUE, Hangfeng SHEN, Xiaofan LI, Guoqing ZHAI, 2024: Local Torrential Rainfall Event within a Mei-Yu Season Mesoscale Convective System: Importance of Back-Building Processes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 847-863.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3033-6
    [20] ZHANG Meng, NI Yunqi, ZHANG Fuqing, 2007: Variational Assimilation of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor and Hourly Rainfall Observations for a Meso- Scale Heavy Precipitation Event During the 2002 Mei-Yu Season, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 509-526.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0509-8
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 March 2007
    Manuscript revised: 10 March 2007
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event

    • 1. Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Key Lab of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,School of Meteorology and Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
    • Manuscript received: 2007-03-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2007-03-10

    Abstract: The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4--5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model (MM5) and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation (4DVAR) system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales. Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance.

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