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Volume 25 Issue 1

Jan.  2008

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2008 >  25(1): 11-23

Total Deformation and its Role in Heavy Precipitation Events Associated with Deformation-Dominant Flow Patterns

  • 1.

    Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;School of Meteorology and Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, USA;Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Wuhan 430074


doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0011-y

  • In this paper, it is elucidated that the total deformation (TD), defined as the square root of the sum of squared stretching deformation and squared shearing deformation, is an invariant independent of the coordinate system used. An idealized flow field is then constructed to demonstrate the confluence effect of a non-divergent and irrotational deformation field on moisture transport. To explore the characteristics and role of TD, one heavy rainfall case that occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) over China, associated with a front with shear line, is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output data. It is found that right before the occurrence of precipitation, the effect of the confluence induced by deformation on moisture transport provides a favorable condition for precipitation. During the precipitation, both location and orientation of the zone of large TD coincide with the confluent shear line. The rainbands are nearly parallel with, and located lightly to the south of the zones of large TD and the confluent shear line. The TD in the lower troposphere increases in value as precipitation persists. When TD approaches its maximal value, the next 6-hour precipitation reaches its peak correspondingly. A tendency equation for TD is derived. The analysis of linear correlation and RMS difference between individual terms in the total deformation equation and the sum of the terms shows that the pressure gradient plays a major role in determining the local change of total deformation.
  • [1] YANG Shuai, GAO Shouting, Chungu LU, 2015: Investigation of the Mei-yu Front Using a New Deformation Frontogenesis Function, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 635-647.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4147-7
    [2] Na LI, Lingkun RAN, Shouting GAO, 2016: The Impact of Deformation on Vortex Development in a Baroclinic Moist Atmosphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 233-246.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5082-y
    [3] JIE Weihua, WU Tongwen, WANG Jun, LI Weijing, LIU Xiangwen, 2014: Improvement of 6-15 Day Precipitation Forecasts Using a Time-Lagged Ensemble Method, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 293-304.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3037-8
    [4] LIU Ge, WU Renguang, ZHANG Yuanzhi, and NAN Sulan, 2014: The Summer Snow Cover Anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Association with Simultaneous Precipitation over the Mei-yu-Baiu region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 755-764.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3183-z
    [5] Na LI, Lingkun RAN, Linna ZHANG, Shouting GAO, 2017: Potential Deformation and Its Application to the Diagnosis of Heavy Precipitation in Mesoscale Convective Systems, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 894-908.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-6282-4
    [6] REN Guoyu, DING Yihui, ZHAO Zongci, ZHENG Jingyun, WU Tongwen, TANG Guoli, XU Ying, 2012: Recent Progress in Studies of Climate Change in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 958-977.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1200-2
    [7] Athanassios A. ARGIRIOU, Zhen LI, Vasileios ARMAOS, Anna MAMARA, Yingling SHI, Zhongwei YAN, 2023: Homogenised Monthly and Daily Temperature and Precipitation Time Series in China and Greece since 1960, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1326-1336.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2246-4
    [8] Tian FENG, Fumin REN, Da-Lin ZHANG, Guoping LI, Wenyu QIU, Hui YANG, 2020: Sideswiping Tropical Cyclones and Their Associated Precipitation over China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 707-717.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9224-5
    [9] Meng YAN, Johnny C. L. CHAN, Kun ZHAO, 2020: Impacts of Urbanization on the Precipitation Characteristics in Guangdong Province, China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 696-706.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9218-3
    [10] WANG Shaowu, ZHU Jinhong, CAI Jingning, 2004: Interdecadal Variability of Temperature and Precipitation in China since 1880, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 307-313.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915560
    [11] ZHANG Xinping, JIN Huijun, SUN Weizhen, 2006: Stable Isotopic Variations in Precipitation in Southwest China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 649-658.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0649-2
    [12] GE Quansheng, WANG Shaowu, WEN Xinyu, Caiming SHEN, HAO Zhixin, 2007: Temperature and Precipitation Changes in China During the HoloceneTemperature and Precipitation Changes in China During the Holocene, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 1024-1036.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-1024-7
    [13] Xingmin LI, Yan DONG, Zipeng DONG, Chuanli DU, Chuang CHEN, 2016: Observed Changes in Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties before and after Precipitation Events, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 931-944.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5178-z
    [14] Xiaoling YANG, Botao ZHOU, Ying XU, Zhenyu HAN, 2021: CMIP6 Evaluation and Projection of Temperature and Precipitation over China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 817-830.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0351-4
    [15] ZHANG Xinping, LIU Jingmiao, TIAN Lide, HE Yuanqing, YAO Tandong, 2004: Variations of 18O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 562-572.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915724
    [16] FU Danhong, GUO Xueliang, 2006: A Cloud-resolving Study on the Role of Cumulus Merger in MCS with Heavy Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 857-868.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0857-9
    [17] SONG Lianchun, A. J. CANNON, P. H. WHITFIELD, 2007: Changes in Seasonal Patterns of Temperature and Precipitation in China During 1971--2000, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 459-473.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0459-1
    [18] Geng Quanzhen, Ding Yihui, Huang Chaoying, 1997: Influences of the Extratropical Pacific SST on the Precipitation of the North China Region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 339-349.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0054-5
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2008
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2008
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Total Deformation and its Role in Heavy Precipitation Events Associated with Deformation-Dominant Flow Patterns

    • 1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;School of Meteorology and Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman Oklahoma, USA;Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Wuhan 430074
    • Manuscript received: 2008-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2008-01-10

    Abstract: In this paper, it is elucidated that the total deformation (TD), defined as the square root of the sum of squared stretching deformation and squared shearing deformation, is an invariant independent of the coordinate system used. An idealized flow field is then constructed to demonstrate the confluence effect of a non-divergent and irrotational deformation field on moisture transport. To explore the characteristics and role of TD, one heavy rainfall case that occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) over China, associated with a front with shear line, is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output data. It is found that right before the occurrence of precipitation, the effect of the confluence induced by deformation on moisture transport provides a favorable condition for precipitation. During the precipitation, both location and orientation of the zone of large TD coincide with the confluent shear line. The rainbands are nearly parallel with, and located lightly to the south of the zones of large TD and the confluent shear line. The TD in the lower troposphere increases in value as precipitation persists. When TD approaches its maximal value, the next 6-hour precipitation reaches its peak correspondingly. A tendency equation for TD is derived. The analysis of linear correlation and RMS difference between individual terms in the total deformation equation and the sum of the terms shows that the pressure gradient plays a major role in determining the local change of total deformation.

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