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Volume 26 Issue 3

May  2009

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2009 >  26(3): 493-502

Impacts of Land Surface and Sea Surface Temperatures on the Onset Date of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon

  • 1.

    Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093;Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0493-2

  • The present study analyzes the differences in spatial and temporal variations of surface temperatures between early and late onset years of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). It is found that when the land surface temperature north of 40oN is lower (higher) and the sea surface temperature over the South China Sea-western North Pacific (SCS-WNP) is higher (lower) in winter, the onset of the SCSSM begins earlier (later). When the land surface temperature north of 40oN is higher (lower) and the sea surface temperature over the SCS-WNP is lower (higher) in spring, the onset of the SCSSM occurs earlier (later). The reason why the anomalies of the land surface temperatures north of 40oN can influence the atmospheric circulation is investigated by analysis of the wind and temperature fields. In order to verify the mechanisms of influence over the land and sea surface temperature distribution patterns and test the ability of the p-σ regional climate model (p-σ RCM9) to simulate the SCSSM onset, three types of years with early, normal, and late SCSSM onset are selected and the SCSSM regimes are numerically simulated. According to the results obtained from five sensitive experiments, when the land surface temperature is higher in the eastern part, north of 40oN, and lower in the western part, north of 40oN, and it rises faster in the eastern coastal regions and the Indian Peninsula, while the sea surface temperatures over the SCS-WNP are lower, the early onset of the SCSSM can be expected.
  • [1] Wang Qianqian, Qian Yongfu, 1996: Effects of Land-Sea Distribution, Topography and Diurnal Change on Summer Monsoon Modeling, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 13, 253-259.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656867
    [2] Li Chongyin, Wu Jingbo, 2000: On the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 193-204.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0003-z
    [3] Gill M. MARTIN, Amulya CHEVUTURI, Ruth E. COMER, Nick J. DUNSTONE, Adam A. SCAIFE, Daquan ZHANG, 2019: Predictability of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 253-260.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8100-z
    [4] Yang AI, Ning JIANG, Weihong QIAN, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG, Yanying CHEN, 2022: Strengthened Regulation of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 943-952.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1364-8
    [5] WANG Zhifu, QIAN Yongfu, 2009: The Relationship of Land-Ocean Thermal Anomaly Difference with Mei-yu and South China Sea Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 169-179.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0169-y
    [6] Minghao BI, Ke XU, Riyu LU, 2023: Monsoon Break over the South China Sea during Summer: Statistical Features and Associated Atmospheric Anomalies, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1749-1765.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2377-2
    [7] Yanying CHEN, Ning JIANG, Yang AI, Kang XU, Longjiang MAO, 2023: Influences of MJO-induced Tropical Cyclones on the Circulation-Convection Inconsistency for the 2021 South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 262-272.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2103-5
    [8] YANG Hui, 2011: The Significant Relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) in December and the January Climate over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 398-407.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-0019-y
    [9] Xiaozhen LIN, Chaofan LI, Riyu LU, Adam A. SCAIFE, 2018: Predictable and Unpredictable Components of the Summer East Asia-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1372-1380.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7305-5
    [10] Chujie GAO, Haishan CHEN, Shanlei SUN, Bei XU, Victor ONGOMA, Siguang ZHU, Hedi MA, Xing LI, 2018: Regional Features and Seasonality of Land-Atmosphere Coupling over Eastern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 689-701.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7140-0
    [11] K. C. SZETO, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2010: Structural Changes of a Tropical Cyclone during Landfall: β-plane Simulations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1143-1150.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9136-x
    [12] Xiaolei CHEN, Yimin LIU, Guoxiong WU, 2017: Understanding the Surface Temperature Cold Bias in CMIP5 AGCMs over the Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1447-1460.  doi: 10.1007s00376-017-6326-9
    [13] ZHU Jiawen, ZENG Xiaodong, 2015: Comprehensive Study on the Influence of Evapotranspiration and Albedo on Surface Temperature Related to Changes in the Leaf Area Index, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 935-942.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4045-z
    [14] Shang-Min LONG, Kai-Ming HU, Gen LI, Gang HUANG, Xia QU, 2021: Surface Temperature Changes Projected by FGOALS Models under Low Warming Scenarios in CMIP5 and CMIP6, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 203-220.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0177-5
    [15] YANG Yang, REN Rongcai, Ming CAI, RAO Jian, 2015: Attributing Analysis on the Model Bias in Surface Temperature in the Climate System Model FGOALS-s2 through a Process-Based Decomposition Method, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 457-469.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4061-z
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    [18] Meng ZUO, Tianjun ZHOU, Wenmin MAN, Xiaolong CHEN, Jian LIU, Fei LIU, Chaochao GAO, 2022: Volcanoes and Climate: Sizing up the Impact of the Recent Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption from a Historical Perspective, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1986-1993.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2034-1
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 May 2009
    Manuscript revised: 10 May 2009
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Impacts of Land Surface and Sea Surface Temperatures on the Onset Date of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon

    • 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093;Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
    • Manuscript received: 2009-05-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2009-05-10

    Abstract: The present study analyzes the differences in spatial and temporal variations of surface temperatures between early and late onset years of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). It is found that when the land surface temperature north of 40oN is lower (higher) and the sea surface temperature over the South China Sea-western North Pacific (SCS-WNP) is higher (lower) in winter, the onset of the SCSSM begins earlier (later). When the land surface temperature north of 40oN is higher (lower) and the sea surface temperature over the SCS-WNP is lower (higher) in spring, the onset of the SCSSM occurs earlier (later). The reason why the anomalies of the land surface temperatures north of 40oN can influence the atmospheric circulation is investigated by analysis of the wind and temperature fields. In order to verify the mechanisms of influence over the land and sea surface temperature distribution patterns and test the ability of the p-σ regional climate model (p-σ RCM9) to simulate the SCSSM onset, three types of years with early, normal, and late SCSSM onset are selected and the SCSSM regimes are numerically simulated. According to the results obtained from five sensitive experiments, when the land surface temperature is higher in the eastern part, north of 40oN, and lower in the western part, north of 40oN, and it rises faster in the eastern coastal regions and the Indian Peninsula, while the sea surface temperatures over the SCS-WNP are lower, the early onset of the SCSSM can be expected.

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