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Volume 28 Issue 3

May  2011

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2011 >  28(3): 483-491

Barotropic Process Contributing to the Formation and Growth of Tropical Cyclone Nargis

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences andGeophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9190-4

  • This study reveals the barotropic dynamics associated with the formation and growth of tropical cyclone Nargis in 2008, during its formation stage. Strong equatorial westerlies occurred over the southern Bay of Bengal in association with the arrival of an intraseasonal westerly event during the period 22--24 April 2008. The westerlies, together with strong tropical--subtropical easterlies, constituted a large-scale horizontal shear flow, creating cyclonic vorticity and thereby promoting the incipient disturbance that eventually evolved into Nargis. This basic zonal flow in the lower troposphere was barotropically unstable, with the amplified disturbance gaining more kinetic energy from the easterly jet than from the westerly jet during 25--26 April. This finding suggests that more attention should be paid to the unstable easterly jet when monitoring and predicting the development of tropical cyclones. Energetics analyses reveal that barotropic energy conversion by the meridional gradient of the basic zonal flow was indeed an important energy source for the growth of Nargis.
  • [1] HUANG Hong, JIANG Yongqiang, CHEN Zhongyi, LUO Jian, WANG Xuezhong, 2014: Effect of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Instability on the Evolution of Spiral Bands, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1090-1100.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3108-5
    [2] Jie JIANG, Yuqing WANG, 2022: The Roles of Barotropic Instability and the Beta Effect in the Eyewall Evolution of Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1800-1815.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1209-5
    [3] QIN Xiaohao, MU Mu, 2014: Can Adaptive Observations Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts?, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 252-262.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3008-0
    [4] Chang-Hoi HO, Joo-Hong KIM, Hyeong-Seog KIM, Woosuk CHOI, Min-Hee LEE, Hee-Dong YOO, Tae-Ryong KIM, Sangwook PARK, 2013: Technical Note on a Track-pattern-based Model for Predicting Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1260-1274.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2237-6
    [5] MA Zhanhong, FEI Jianfang, HUANG Xiaogang, CHENG Xiaoping, 2014: Impacts of the Lowest Model Level Height on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 421-434.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3044-9
    [6] GAO Feng*, Peter P. CHILDS, Xiang-Yu HUANG, Neil A. JACOBS, and Jinzhong MIN, 2014: A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 27-36.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2254-5
    [7] ZHONG Wei, LU Han-Cheng, Da-Lin ZHANG, 2010: Mesoscale Barotropic Instability of Vortex Rossby Waves in Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 243-252.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8183-7
    [8] Meng Zhiyong, Chen Lianshou, Xu Xiangde, 2002: Recent Progress on Tropical Cyclone Research in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 103-110.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0037-5
    [9] P. VINAY KUMAR, Gopa DUTTA, M.V. RATNAM, E. KRISHNA, B. BAPIRAJU, B. Venkateswara RAO, Salauddin MOHAMMAD, 2016: Impact of Cyclone Nilam on Tropical Lower Atmospheric Dynamics, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 955-968.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5285-x
    [10] Kelvin T. F. CHAN, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2016: Sensitivity of the Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Size to Microphysics Schemes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 1024-1035.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5183-2
    [11] Yan ZHENG, Liguang WU, Haikun ZHAO, Xingyang ZHOU, Qingyuan LIU, 2020: Simulation of Extreme Updrafts in the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 781-792.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9197-4
    [12] ZENG Zhihua, Yuqing WANG, DUAN Yihong, CHEN Lianshou, GAO Zhiqiu, 2010: On Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 337-355.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8209-1
    [13] YAO Zhigang, LIN Longfu, CHEN Hongbin, FEI Jianfang, 2008: A Scheme for Estimating Tropical Cyclone Intensity Using AMSU-A Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 25, 96-106.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-008-0096-3
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    [15] ZHAO Haikun, WU Liguang, ZHOU Weican, 2010: Assessing the Influence of the ENSO on Tropical Cyclone Prevailing Tracks in the Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 1361-1371.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9161-9
    [16] GE Xuyang, MA Yue, ZHOU Shunwu, Tim LI, 2014: Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Radiation on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structure, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1377-1385.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4060-0
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    [19] Zhenhua HUO, Wansuo DUAN, Feifan ZHOU, 2019: Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Track with Orthogonal Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 231-247.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8001-1
    [20] Chenxi WANG, Zhihua ZENG, Ming YING, 2020: Uncertainty in Tropical Cyclone Intensity Predictions due to Uncertainty in Initial Conditions, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 278-290.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9126-6
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 May 2011
    Manuscript revised: 10 May 2011
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Barotropic Process Contributing to the Formation and Growth of Tropical Cyclone Nargis

    • 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences andGeophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
    • Manuscript received: 2011-05-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2011-05-10

    Abstract: This study reveals the barotropic dynamics associated with the formation and growth of tropical cyclone Nargis in 2008, during its formation stage. Strong equatorial westerlies occurred over the southern Bay of Bengal in association with the arrival of an intraseasonal westerly event during the period 22--24 April 2008. The westerlies, together with strong tropical--subtropical easterlies, constituted a large-scale horizontal shear flow, creating cyclonic vorticity and thereby promoting the incipient disturbance that eventually evolved into Nargis. This basic zonal flow in the lower troposphere was barotropically unstable, with the amplified disturbance gaining more kinetic energy from the easterly jet than from the westerly jet during 25--26 April. This finding suggests that more attention should be paid to the unstable easterly jet when monitoring and predicting the development of tropical cyclones. Energetics analyses reveal that barotropic energy conversion by the meridional gradient of the basic zonal flow was indeed an important energy source for the growth of Nargis.

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