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Volume 28 Issue 2

Mar.  2011

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2011 >  28(2): 421-432

The Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean on South Asian High in Boreal Summer

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and GeophysicalFluid Dynamics, Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049


doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-9224-y

  • The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is warmer than normal during the summer when or after the El Ni\~{n}o decays. The present study investigates the impact of TIO SST on the South Asian High (SAH) in summer. When the TIO is warmer, the SAH strengthens and its center shifts southward. It is found that the variations in the SAH cannot be accounted for by the precipitation anomaly. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the connection between the TIO and SAH: warmer SST in the TIO changes the equivalent potential temperature (EPT) in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), alters the temperature profile of the moist atmosphere, warms the troposphere, which produces significant positive height anomaly over South Asia and modifies the SAH. An atmospheric general circulation model, ECHAM5, which has a reasonable prediction skill in the TIO and South Asia, was selected to test the effects of TIO SST on the SAH. The experiment with idealized heating over the TIO reproduced the response of the SAH to TIO warming. The results suggest that the TIO-induced EPT change in the ABL can account for the variations in the SAH.
  • [1] HU Kaiming, HUANG Gang, QU Xia, HUANG Ronghui, 2012: The Impact of Indian Ocean Variability on High Temperature Extremes across the Southern Yangtze River Valley in Late Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 91-100.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0209-2
    [2] HU Ruijin, LIU Qinyu, MENG Xiangfeng, J. Stuart GODFREY, 2005: On the Mechanism of the Seasonal Variability of SST in the Tropical Indian Ocean, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 451-462.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918758
    [3] Qian ZHOU, Wansuo DUAN, Xu WANG, Xiang LI, Ziqing ZU, 2021: The Initial Errors in the Tropical Indian Ocean that Can Induce a Significant “Spring Predictability Barrier” for La Niña Events and Their Implication for Targeted Observations, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1566-1579.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0427-1
    [4] CAO Jie, LU Riyu, HU Jinming, WANG Hai, 2013: Spring Indian Ocean-Western Pacific SST Contrast and the East Asian Summer Rainfall Anomaly, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1560-1568.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2298-6
    [5] Shenming FU, Jie CAO, Xingwen JIANG, Jianhua SUN, 2017: On the Variation of Divergent Flow: An Eddy-flux Form Equation Based on the Quasi-geostrophic Balance and Its Application, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 599-612.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6212-x
    [6] QIAN Yongfu, ZHANG Yan, HUANG Yanyan, HUANG Ying, YAO Yonghong, 2004: The Effects of the Thermal Anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Vicinities on Climate Variability in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 369-381.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915565
    [7] QIAO Yunting, ZHANG Chunhua, JIAN Maoqiu, 2015: Role of the 10-20-Day Oscillation in Sustained Rainstorms over Hainan, China in October 2010, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 363-374.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3200-x
    [8] Yufan DAI, Qingqing LI, Xinhang LIU, Lijuan WANG, 2023: A Lagrangian Trajectory Analysis of Azimuthally Asymmetric Equivalent Potential Temperature in the Outer Core of Sheared Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1689-1706.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2245-0
    [9] HUANG Ying, QIAN Yongfu, 2007: Analysis of the Simulated Climatic Characters of the South Asia High with a Flexible Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere GCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 136-146.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0136-4
    [10] LI Chongyin, HU Ruijin, YANG Hui, 2005: Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Tropical Indian Ocean, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 617-624.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918705
    [11] ZHOU Ningfang, YU Yongqiang, QIAN Yongfu, 2009: Bimodality of the South Asia High Simulated by Coupled Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1226-1234.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-7219-3
    [12] Qian Yongfu, Zhang Qiong, Yao Yonghong, Zhang Xuehong, 2002: Seasonal Variation and Heat Preference of the South Asia High, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 821-836.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0047-3
    [13] YAN Li, WANG Panxing, YU Yongqiang, LI Lijuan, WANG Bin, 2010: Potential Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature in a Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere GCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 921-936.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9062-y
    [14] LI Yuefeng, XIAO Ziniu, JU Jianhua, Guoquan Hu, 2010: The Variations of Dominant Convection Modes over Asia, Indian Ocean, and Western Pacific Ocean during the Summers of 1997--2004, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 901-920.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9072-9
    [15] Yiyong LUO, Jian LU, Fukai LIU, Xiuquan WAN, 2016: The Positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like Response in the Tropical Indian Ocean to Global Warming, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 476-488.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5027-5
    [16] Rong FENG, Wansuo DUAN, 2019: Indian Ocean Dipole-related Predictability Barriers Induced by Initial Errors in the Tropical Indian Ocean in a CGCM, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 658-668.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8224-9
    [17] Yang AI, Ning JIANG, Weihong QIAN, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG, Yanying CHEN, 2022: Strengthened Regulation of the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 943-952.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1364-8
    [18] Yun YANG, Jianping LI, Lixin WU, Yu KOSAKA, Yan DU, Cheng SUN, Fei XIE, Juan FENG, 2017: Decadal Indian Ocean Dipolar Variability and Its Relationship with the Tropical Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 1282-1289.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7009-2
    [19] Chibuike Chiedozie IBEBUCHI, 2023: Circulation Patterns Linked to the Positive Sub-Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 110-128.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2017-2
    [20] LIU Yanju, DING Yihui, SONG Yafang, ZHANG Jin, 2009: Climatological Characteristics of the Moisture Budget and Their Anomalies over the Joining Area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 642-655.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-9010-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 March 2011
    Manuscript revised: 10 March 2011
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    The Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean on South Asian High in Boreal Summer

    • 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and GeophysicalFluid Dynamics, Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    • Manuscript received: 2011-03-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2011-03-10

    Abstract: The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is warmer than normal during the summer when or after the El Ni\~{n}o decays. The present study investigates the impact of TIO SST on the South Asian High (SAH) in summer. When the TIO is warmer, the SAH strengthens and its center shifts southward. It is found that the variations in the SAH cannot be accounted for by the precipitation anomaly. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the connection between the TIO and SAH: warmer SST in the TIO changes the equivalent potential temperature (EPT) in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), alters the temperature profile of the moist atmosphere, warms the troposphere, which produces significant positive height anomaly over South Asia and modifies the SAH. An atmospheric general circulation model, ECHAM5, which has a reasonable prediction skill in the TIO and South Asia, was selected to test the effects of TIO SST on the SAH. The experiment with idealized heating over the TIO reproduced the response of the SAH to TIO warming. The results suggest that the TIO-induced EPT change in the ABL can account for the variations in the SAH.

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