Characteristics and Mechanisms of Persistent Wet–Cold Events with Different Cold-air Paths in South China

We investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of persistent wet–cold events (PWCEs) with different types of cold-air paths. Results show that the cumulative single-station frequency of the PWCEs in the western part of South China is higher than that in the eastern part. The pattern of single-station frequency of the PWCEs are “Yangtze River (YR) uniform” and “east–west inverse”. The YR uniform pattern is the dominant mode, so we focus on this pattern. The cold-air paths for PWCEs of the YR uniform pattern are divided into three types—namely, the west, northwest and north types—among which the west type accounts for the largest proportion. The differences in atmospheric circulation of the PWCEs under the three types of paths are obvious. The thermal inversion layer in the lower troposphere is favorable for precipitation during the PWCEs. The positive water vapor budget for the three types of PWCEs mainly appears at the southern boundary.