崇左和防城港两地的台风韦帕（201907）降雨雨滴谱对比分析

毛家燊; 陈逸伦; 张奡祺; 陈淑敏; 方容; 黎伟标; 李明学

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2110.21116

崇左和防城港两地的台风韦帕（201907）降雨雨滴谱对比分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2110.21116

毛家燊^{1, 2,},
陈逸伦^{1, 3, ,},
张奡祺^{1, 3},
陈淑敏^{1, 3},
方容^{1, 3},
黎伟标^{1, 3},
李明学⁴

1.
中山大学大气科学学院, 珠海519082
2.
广西崇左市气象局, 崇左532200
3.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 珠海519080
4.
广西防城区气象局, 防城港538000

基金项目: 广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目2020B0301030004，国家自然科学基金42075004、42105068，南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）创新团队建设项目311021009，中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金2021gntd29，中山大学热带大气—海洋系统科学教育部重点实验室资助项目

详细信息

作者简介:
毛家燊，男，1991年出生，硕士研究生，主要从事台风暴雨研究。E-mail: maojsh@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈逸伦，E-mail: chenylun3@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-09
- 录用日期: 2021-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Comparative Analysis of Rainfall Droplet Spectra of Typhoon Wipha (201907) in Chongzuo and Fangchenggang, China

Jiashen MAO^{1, 2
,},
Yilun CHEN^{1, 3
, ,},
Aoqi ZHANG^{1, 3},
Shumin CHEN^{1, 3},
Rong FANG^{1, 3},
Weibiao LI^{1, 3},
Mingxue LI⁴

1.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082
2.
Chongzuo Meteorological Bureau, Chongzuo, 532200
3.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080
4.
Fangcheng District Meteorological Bureau, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province 538000

Funds: Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant 2020B0301030004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42075004, 42105068), Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant 311021009), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Sun Yat-sen University (Grant 2021qntd29), Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University

摘要

摘要: 利用崇左国家气象观测站、防城国家基准气候站的雨滴谱观测数据，结合观测站雨量数据及雷达观测资料，分析2019年8月2～3日台风“韦帕”影响期间内陆背风侧（LSI）、近海岸迎风侧（WSC）不同降水阶段的雨滴谱结构特征及其差异。结果显示，台风“韦帕”降雨以中、小雨滴贡献为主，尤其中雨滴贡献率稳定在70%以上。LSI处以层状云降水为主，雨强相对平缓，WSC处表现为积层混合云降水，雨强较大且波动剧烈。因强烈的对流上升运动导致WSC的雨滴数浓度、雨滴直径明显大于LSI。LSI处在台风登陆后雨势增强的最主要因素是雨滴直径增大，WSC处由台风眼墙转变为强对流螺旋雨带影响后其雨势增强则主要是由于雨滴数浓度增加。台风“韦帕”对流降水的质量加权平均直径均值为1.85 mm，对数标准化数浓度均值为3.95 mm⁻¹ m⁻³；LSI处对流降水位于海洋性对流区域内，而WSC处则介于海洋性和大陆性对流之间。
- 台风暴雨 /
- 螺旋雨带 /
- 台风眼壁 /
- 近海岸山脉 /
- 雨滴谱
Abstract: We analyzed the structural characteristics and differences in raindrop spectrum at different precipitation stages on the inland leeward side (LSI) and near-coast windward side (WSC) during the impact of typhoon Wipha from August 2 to 3, 2019. We used the raindrop spectrum observation data from Chongzuo National Meteorological Observatory and Fangcheng National Reference Climate Station, combined with rainfall data and radar observation data for the analysis. The results show that typhoon Wipha’s rainfall is mainly contributed by medium and small raindrops, with the proportion of medium raindrops consistently exceeding 70%. The rainfall at LSI is dominated by stratiform clouds with relatively gentle rain intensity, while the rainfall at WSC is characterized by mixed cumulus clouds with considerable rain intensity and severe fluctuations. Raindrop concentration and diameter are significantly larger at WSC than at LSI due to the considerable convective activity and upward velocity. The main factor for the increase in rain intensity at LSI after typhoon landfall is an increase in raindrop diameter. Meanwhile, the increase in rain intensity at WSC after the change from typhoon eye wall to a strong convective spiral rain band is mainly due to an increase in raindrop number concentration. The average mass-weighted mean diameter of typhoon Wipha’s convective precipitation is 1.85 mm, with a logarithmic normalized intercept of 3.95 mm⁻¹ m⁻³. Convective precipitation occurs in the maritime convective region at LSI, while it occurs between maritime and continental convection at WSC.
- Typhoon rainstorm /
- Spiral rainband /
- Eyewall /
- Near-coastal mountain range /
- Raindrop spectrum

HTML全文

图 1 （a）台风“韦帕”进入北部湾后的移动路径；（b）2019年8月2日08:00至3日08:00（北京时，下同）崇左站、防城站小时雨量时间序列

Figure 1. (a) Observed track of typhoon Wipha after entering the Beibu Gulf; (b) time series of 1-h accumulated precipitation at Chongzuo station and Fangcheng station from 0800 BJT (Beijing time) August 2 to 0800 BJT August 3, 2019

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图 2 2019年8月2日（a）12:03、（b）14:00、（c）19:03及3日（d）01:04、（e）03:01、（f）05:03的雷达组合反射率（紫色圆点为崇左站位置，棕色圆点为防城站位置）

Figure 2. The radar combined reflectivity at (a) 1203 BJT August 2, (b) 1400 BJT August 2, (c) 1903 BJT August 2, (d) 0104 BJT August 3, (e) 0301 BJT August 3, (f) 0503 BJT August 3, 2019. Purple dot shows the location of Chongzuo station and the brown dot represents Fangcheng station

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图 3 台风“韦帕”影响期间（a）内陆背风侧（LSI）、（b）近海岸迎风侧（WSC）雨滴数浓度（色阶）、雨滴直径（色阶高度）及雨强（红色曲线）随时间变化

Figure 3. Time series of raindrop number concentration (shaded areas), raindrop diameter (height of shaded areas), and rain intensity (red solid line) at (a) inland leeward side (LSI) and (b) near-coast windward side (WSC) during the impact of typhoon Wipha

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图 4 LSI、WSC各降水阶段不同粒径下的平均谱分布

Figure 4. Average spectra of raindrop size at different rainfall stages at LSI and WSC

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图 5 LSI、WSC各降水阶段质量加权平均直径D_m和对数标准化数浓度lgN_w散点分布情况。黑色曲线为雨强R=10 mm h⁻¹；深蓝色矩形框、红色矩形框分别对应Bringi et al.（2003）指出的海洋性、大陆性对流降水落区，黑色框中列出了各类研究对流降水的特征量平均值

Figure 5. Scatter plot of mass-weighted mean diameter (D_m) versus logarithmic normalized intercept (lgN_w) in different rainfall stages at LSI and WSC. The black curve shows rain intensity of 10 mm h⁻¹. Outlined rectangles of dark blue and red correspond to the maritime and continental convective clusters reported by Bringi et al. (2003), and the black box lists the average values of the characteristic quantities for convective precipitation in various research

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图 6 LSI、WSC各降水阶段中各档雨滴对雨强的贡献率

Figure 6. Contributions of raindrops in each bin to rain intensity in different rainfall stages at LSI and WSC

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表 1 崇左站、防城站各降水阶段及主要影响系统

Table 1. Different rainfall stages and the main influence systems at Chongzuo station and Fangcheng station

站点	地理环境	降水时段	影响系统
崇左站	内陆背风侧（LSI）	2019年8月2日12:00～21:00（S1）	螺旋雨带（登陆前）
崇左站	内陆背风侧（LSI）	2019年8月2日21:00至3日05:00（S2）	螺旋雨带（登陆后）
防城站	近海岸迎风侧（WSC）	2019年8月2日14:00～22:00（S1）	台风眼墙
防城站	近海岸迎风侧（WSC）	2019年8月3日00:00～03:00（S2）	螺旋雨带（对流旺盛）

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 LSI、WSC各降水阶段微物理特征量的平均值

Table 2. Average values of microphysical parameters in different rainfall stages at LSI and WSC

各降水阶段	微物理特征量
各降水阶段	R/mm h⁻¹	D_m/mm	lgN_w /mm⁻¹ m⁻³	W/g m⁻³
LSI S1	2.34	1.21	3.61	0.15
LSI S2	4.68	1.52	3.60	0.29
WSC S1	11.92	1.58	3.86	0.70
WSC S2	22.19	1.56	4.10	1.17

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 LSI、WSC不同雨强等级下各档雨滴对降水的贡献率

Table 3. Contributions of raindrops in each bin to precipitation under different rain rates at LSI and WSC

降水等级/mm h⁻¹	LSI雨强等级			WSC雨强等级
降水等级/mm h⁻¹	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₁	P₂	P₃
0＜R≤2	35.38%	64.54%	0.08%	65.25%	32.61%	2.14%
2＜R≤5	13.08%	84.11%	2.81%	26.35%	70.62%	3.03%
5＜R≤10	8.34%	85.77%	5.89%	12.27%	82.39%	5.34%
10＜R≤20	6.16%	90.95%	2.89%	8.37%	85.04%	6.59%
20＜R≤40	4.38%	93.69%	1.93%	4.98%	82.74%	12.28%
R＞40				3.99%	77.75%	18.26%

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