2007年12月南京六次雨雾过程宏、微观结构演变特征

于华英; 牛生杰; 刘鹏; 刘畅; 陆春松; 黄佳欢

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1404.13284

2007年12月南京六次雨雾过程宏、微观结构演变特征

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1404.13284

1.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044;南京信息工程大学地理与遥感学院, 南京210044;南京信息工程大学大气物理学院, 南京210044
2.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044;南京信息工程大学大气物理学院, 南京210044
3.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室, 南京210044
4.
天津市气象局气象台, 天津300074
5.
南京信息工程大学大气物理学院, 南京210044

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41375138、41275151、41275152、41375137,江苏省自然科学基金项目BK2012860,江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目PAPD

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-10-15
- 修回日期: 2014-04-09

Evolution of the Macro- and Microphysical Properties of Precipitation Fog in December 2007 in Nanjing

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044;School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044;School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
3.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
4.
Tianjin Meteorological Bureau, Tianjin 300074
5.
School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044

摘要

摘要: 利用2007年冬季南京信息工程大学对雾的综合观测资料,包括能见度仪、雨滴谱仪、雾滴谱仪、宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪(WPS)观测资料,并结合地面常规气象观测资料和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)再分析资料,分析2007年12月南京六次雨雾过程的宏、微观结构演变特征。结果显示:(1)南京2007年12月的六次雨雾过程主要是受天气系统的影响,以雨中雾为主,最低能见度均大于250 m。雨雾多出现在偏东气流的作用下,南京地区先发生弱降水,空气近饱和,随后受到来自北方的弱冷空气影响,水汽凝结,雾形成。(2)雨雾发生前贴地层多有逆温,雨雾过程中2 m高度与地表温度差由正转为负,逆温消失。但900 hPa以下,雨雾发生前和过程中,都少有逆温层,雨雾结束后均无逆温结构。雨雾前中低层有云,云状为高积云Ac或高层云As及层积云Sc或碎雨云Fn,低云高0.3～2.5 km,雨雾过程中,600 hPa以下都是饱和层,多伴有Fn,低云高度明显下降,雨雾过后,近饱和层仍然有可能存在。雨雾前900 hPa附近有明显的风切变。(3)雨雾形成初期,大粒子(粒子直径D≥10 μm)和小粒子(1 μm<D<10 μm)数浓度均有明显增加。南京冬季雨雾过程对气溶胶粒子的湿清除,主要是核模态气溶胶粒子的核化过程。气溶胶粒子数浓度的减少程度与风向和风速密切相关,在较大的北风作用下,气溶胶粒子浓度明显减少。
- 雨雾 /
- 宏微观结构 /
- 演变
Abstract: Comprehensive observations of fog were conducted during winter 2007 in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, including the measurements of visibility, raindrop spectrum, fog, and aerosol spectrums. Salient synoptic-scale features were identified using conventional meteorological observations and NCEP reanalyses. We studied the synoptic situation and macro-micro evolutionary characteristics of six precipitation fog events that occurred in Nanjing during December 2007. The results show that (1) The six events were all mainly controlled by the synoptic system and were in the form of fog compared with light rain. The minimum visibility in these events was more than 250 m. In addition, the precipitation fog mostly occurred under the influence of an easterly airstream, and generally weak precipitation occurred first, when the air was close to saturation. An invasion of cold air from the north and vapor condensation finally caused the formation of precipitation fog. (2) An inversion layer was always present near the surface before most precipitation fogs, and the temperament different between 2m and the surface changed from positive to negative as inversion layer disappeared during fogs. However, the observation of inversions below 900 hPa was difficult. Altocumulus (Ac) and Altostratus (As) or Stratocumulus (Sc) and Fractonimbus (Fn) ccurred in the middle and lower layer before precipitation fogs, while the height of low clouds was 0.3-2.5 km. During these processes, the layer below 600 hPa was nearly saturated, most events occurred with Fn, and the height of low clouds markedly decreased. After the fog, the nearly saturated layer may still have been present. In addition, there was significant wind shear near 900 hPa before precipitation fogs. (3) The number and concentration of larger and smaller fog droplets increased markedly in the early stages of precipitation fog formation. Aitken mode particles are more efficiently scavenged through nucleation by precipitation fogs in Nanjing, and the reduction in Aitken particles is closely related to wind direction and speed. Because of the influence of a stronger north wind, the concentration of aerosol particles decreased significantly.
- Precipitation fog /
- Macro-microstructure /
- Evolution

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