Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Precipitation Related to the Northeast Cold Vortex in the Warm Season in Jilin Province during 1981–2019
-
摘要: 利用1981~2019年吉林省气象局信息中心提供的吉林省51个测站逐时降水数据,系统分析了暖季吉林省冷涡降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)吉林省降水量日变化和频次的峰值均发生在下午16~18时(北京时);0.1~5 mm/h降水频次大值区主要集中在吉林省东部山区,而5~10 mm/h和>10 mm/h降水频次大值区则在吉林省中南部地区。(2)0.1~5 mm/h降水占冷涡降水总量百分比(简称:降水贡献)的空间分布特征中,白天降水贡献的空间分布比较一致,夜间大值区在吉林省东部山区;5~10 mm/h降水贡献大值区集中在吉林省中部地区,且白天贡献大于夜间;>10 mm/h降水贡献大值区位于吉林省中西部地区,白天贡献也大于夜间。(3)0.1~5 mm/h降水占暖季冷涡降水总量的60%,5~10 mm/h和>10 mm/h均在20%左右;0.1~5 mm/h降水贡献随时间变化减弱趋势明显,而>10 mm/h降水贡献增加趋势明显,且这两种量级降水年际变化呈反位相特征。Abstract: Based on quality control of the hourly rain gauge dataset in 39 years (1981–2019) from 51 meteorological stations provided by the Meteorological Information Center of Jilin Province, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation during the northeast cold vortex process in the warm season were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) Overall, precipitation in Jilin Province exhibited a clear diurnal variation. The peaks of diurnal precipitation and frequency occurred during 1600–1800 BJT (Beijing time). Frequency of 0.1–5 mm h−1 precipitation (P<5 mm h−1) exhibited a large value in the mountainous area in eastern Jilin Province. However, the high-value center moved to the south–central part of Jilin Province, whereas the precipitation was larger than 5 mm h−1 (P>5 mm h−1). (2) Only a slight difference in the spatial distribution of the contribution of P<5 mm h−1 to warm-season precipitation in Jilin Province during the daytime was observed. However, the value center was detected more clearly in the mountainous area in eastern Jilin Province at night. The contribution of the gauge record between 5 mm h−1 and 10 mm h−1 (5 mm h−1<P<10 mm h−1) was greater in central Jilin Province. Moreover, the contribution was greater during the daytime than at night. By contrast, for P>10 mm h−1, the high-value center moved to the mid-west of Jilin Province. Similarly, the contribution was greater during the daytime than at night. (3) The rainfall amount of P<5 mm h−1 accounted for 61% of total precipitation, and the rainfall amounts of 5 mm h−1<P<10 mm h−1 and P>10 mm h−1 accounted for about 20% of total precipitation. The contribution of P<5 mm h−1 exhibited a decreasing trend in recent years. By contrast, the contribution of P>10 mm h−1 exhibited an increasing trend.
-
图 2 0.1~5 mm/h量级的暖季东北冷涡降水频次在白天(左)、夜间(中)的空间分布以及白天与夜间差值场(右)的空间分布:(a1–c1)1980年代;(a2–c2)1990年代;(a3–c3)2000年代;(a4–c4)2010年代。数字表示每个测站观测结果,阴影为测站插值结果
Figure 2. Spatial distributions of the precipitation frequency for 0.1–5 mm/h precipitation during the northeast cold vortex process in the warm season (PNCVPWS) during the daytime (left), night time (middle), the difference between day and night (right) in (a1–c1) 1980s, (a2–c2) 1990s, (a3–c3) 2000s, and (a4–c4) 2010s. The numbers denote the results from the observation stations, shadings denote the results interpolated from the observations
图 6 0.1~5 mm/h量级的暖季东北冷涡降水量对降水总量的贡献在白天(左)、夜间(中)的空间分布以及白天与夜间差值场(右)的空间分布:(a1–c1)1980年代;(a2–c2)1990年代;(a3–c3)2000年代;(a4–c4)2010年代。数字表示每个测站降水贡献,阴影为测站插值结果
Figure 6. Spatial distributions of the contributions of precipitation amounts for 0.1–5 mm/h precipitation to total amounts of PNCVPWS during the daytime (left), night time (middle), the difference between day and night (right) in (a1–c1) 1980s, (a2–c2) 1990s, (a3–c3) 2000s, and (a4–c4) 2010s. The numbers denote the results from the observation stations, shadings denote the results interpolated from the observations
图 9 1981~2019年暖季不同量级东北冷涡(a)降水贡献的时间序列、(b)平均降水贡献。图a中蓝线、黑线和红线分别表示0.1~5 mm/h、5~10 mm/h和>10 mm/h量级降水贡献,虚线表示降水贡献趋势线
Figure 9. (a) Time series of precipitation contributions, (b) mean precipitation contributions for 0.1–5 mm/h, 5–10 mm/h, more than 10 mm/h magnitudes of PNCVPWS during 1981–2019. In Fig. a, blue line, black line, and red line represent 0.1–5 mm/h, 5–10 mm/h, and more than 10 mm/h magnitudes, respectively. The dashed lines represent the trend lines of precipitation contributions
图 10 1981~2019年暖季不同量级东北冷涡降水量标准化的时间序列。蓝线、黑线和红线分别表示0.1~5 mm/h、5~10 mm/h和>10 mm/h量级降水,虚线表示降水量趋势线
Figure 10. Standardized time series of precipitation amounts for 0.1–5 mm/h (blue line), 5–10 mm/h (black line), more than 10 mm/h (red line) magnitudes of PNCVPWS during 1981–2019. The dashed lines denote the linear trends precipitation amounts
-
[1] 陈立亭, 孙永罡, 白人海. 2000. 松花江、嫩江流域1998年夏季暴雨过程天气分析 [J]. 气象, 26(10): 19−23. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2000.10.004Chen Liting, Sun Yonggang, Bai Renhai. 2000. The analysis of weather pattern in the heavy rain process over Songhuajiang and Nenjiang in 1998 [J]. Meteor. Mon. (in Chinese), 26(10): 19−23. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2000.10.004 [2] 丁士晟. 1980. 东北地区夏季低温的气候分析及其对农业生产的影响 [J]. 气象学报, 38(3): 234−242. doi: 10.11676/qxxb1980.028Ding Shisheng. 1980. The climatic analysis of low temperature in summer over the Northeast China and influence for agricultural product [J]. Acta Meteor. Sinica (in Chinese), 38(3): 234−242. doi: 10.11676/qxxb1980.028 [3] 方德贤, 董新宁, 邓承之, 等. 2020. 2008~2016年重庆地区降水时空分布特征 [J]. 大气科学, 44(2): 327−340. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1907.18256Fang Dexian, Dong Xinning, Deng Chengzhi, et al. 2020. Temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in Chongqing during 2008–2016 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 44(2): 327−340. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1907.18256 [4] 何金海, 吴志伟, 江志红, 等. 2006a. 东北冷涡的“气候效应”及其对梅雨的影响 [J]. 科学通报, 51(23): 2803−2809. He Jinhai, Wu Zhiwei, Jiang Zhihong, et al. 2006a. “Climate effect” of the Northeast cold vortex and its influences on Meiyu [J]. Chinese Sci. Bull., 52(5): 671−679. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.23.016 [5] 何金海, 吴志伟, 祁莉, 等. 2006b. 北半球环状模和东北冷涡与我国东北夏季降水关系分析 [J]. 气象与环境学报, 22(1): 1−5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2006.01.001He Jinhai, Wu Zhiwei, Qi Li, et al. 2006b. Relationships among the Northern Hemisphere annual mode, the Northeast cold vortex and the summer rainfall in Northeast China [J]. J. Meteor. Environ. (in Chinese), 22(1): 1−5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2006.01.001 [6] Hu K X, Lu R Y, Wang D H. 2010. Seasonal climatology of cut-off lows and associated precipitation patterns over Northeast China [J]. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 106(1): 37−48. doi: 10.1007/s00703-009-0049-0 [7] 胡开喜, 陆日宇, 王东海. 2011. 东北冷涡及其气候影响 [J]. 大气科学, 35(1): 179−191. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.01.15Hu Kaixi, Lu Riyu, Wang Donghai. 2011. Cold vortex over Northeast China and its climate effect [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 35(1): 179−191. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.01.15 [8] 刘刚, 廉毅, 颜鹏程, 等. 2015. 5~8月东北冷涡客观识别分类及北半球大气环流特征分析 [J]. 地理科学, 35(8): 1042−1050. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.08.1042Liu Gang, Lian Yi, Yan Pengcheng, et al. 2015. The objective recognition and classification of northeast cold vortex and the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation characters in May to August [J]. Sci. Geogra. Sinica (in Chinese), 35(8): 1042−1050. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.08.1042 [9] 刘景涛, 孟亚里, 康玲, 等. 2000. 1998年汛期嫩江松花江流域大暴雨成因分析 [J]. 气象, 26(2): 20−24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2000.02.005Liu Jingtao, Meng Yali, Kang Ling, et al. 2000. An analysis of macro-scale circulation characteristics and synoptic scale system with the storm rainfall occurring in the Nenjiang−Songhuajiang River basin during 1998 flood period [J]. Meteor. Mon. (in Chinese), 26(2): 20−24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0526.2000.02.005 [10] 刘宗秀, 廉毅, 高枞亭, 等. 2002. 东北冷涡持续活动时期的北半球500 hPa环流特征分析 [J]. 大气科学, 26(3): 361−372. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2002.03.07Liu Zongxiu, Lian Yi, Gao Zongting, et al. 2002. Analyses of the Northern Hemisphere circulation characters during Northeast cold vortex persistence [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 26(3): 361−372. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2002.03.07 [11] 蒙远文. 1983. 东北冷涡引导冷空气南下影响广西的环流特征 [J]. 广西气象, 27(6): 1−4.Meng Yuanwen. 1983. Circulation characteristics on cold air led by Northeast cold vortex in Guangxi [J]. J. Guangxi Meteor. (in Chinese), 27(6): 1−4. [12] 孟庆涛, 孙建华, 乔枫雪. 2009. 20世纪90年代以来东北暴雨过程特征分析 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 14(6): 596−612. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.06.03Meng Qingtao, Sun Jianhua, Qiao Fengxue. 2009. Characteristics of heavy rainfall in Northeast China since the 1990s [J]. Climatic Environ. Res. (in Chinese), 14(6): 596−612. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.06.03 [13] 苗春生, 吴志伟, 何金海. 2006b. 北半球环状模(NAM)、东北冷涡与前汛期华南旱涝 [J]. 热带气象学报, 22(6): 593−599. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.06.011Miao Chunsheng, Wu Zhiwei, He Jinhai. 2006b. Relationship among the Northern Hemisphere annual mode, the Northeast China cold vortex and precipitation during the first yearly rainy period in South China [J]. J. Trop. Meteor. (in Chinese), 22(6): 593−599. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.06.011 [14] 苗春生, 吴志伟, 何金海, 等. 2006a. 近50年东北冷涡异常特征及其与前汛期华南降水的关系分析 [J]. 大气科学, 30(6): 1249−1256. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.06.19Miao Chunsheng, Wu Zhiwei, He Jinhai, et al. 2006a. The anomalous features of the Northeast cold vortex during the first flood period in the last 50 years and its correlation with rainfall in South China [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 30(6): 1249−1256. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.06.19 [15] 斯公望. 1988. 暴雨和强对流环流系统[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 349pp.Si Gongwang. 1988. Rainstorm and Severe Convective Systems (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 349pp. [16] 苏博颖. 1996. 东北冷涡与1993年6月份降水分析 [J]. 水文, 40(3): 58−60.Su Boying. 1996. Study of precipitation caused by the Northeast cold vortex in June 1993 [J]. J. China Hydrol. (in Chinese), 40(3): 58−60. [17] 孙力. 1997. 东北冷涡持续活动的分析研究 [J]. 大气科学, 21(3): 297−307. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1997.03.06Sun Li. 1997. A study of the persistence activity of Northeast cold vortex in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (Scientia Atmospherica Sinica) (in Chinese), 21(3): 297−307. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1997.03.06 [18] 孙力, 安刚. 2001. 1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨过程的诊断分析 [J]. 大气科学, 25(3): 342−354. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2001.03.05Sun Li, An Gang. 2001. A diagnostic study of Northeast cold vortex heavy rain over the Songhuajiang–Nenjiang River basin in the summer of 1998 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 25(3): 342−354. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2001.03.05 [19] 孙力, 郑秀雅, 王琪. 1994. 东北冷涡的时空分布特征及其与东亚大型环流系统之间的关系 [J]. 应用气象学报, 5(3): 297−303.Sun Li, Zheng Xiuya, Wang Qi. 1994. The climatological characteristics of Northeast cold vortex in China [J]. Quart. J. Appl. Meteor. (in Chinese), 5(3): 297−303. [20] 孙力, 王琪, 唐晓玲. 1995. 暴雨类冷涡与非暴雨类冷涡的合成对比分析 [J]. 气象, 21(3): 7−10. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1995.3.002Sun Li, Wang Qi, Tang Xiaoling. 1995. A composite diagnostic analysis of cold vortex of storm-rainfall and non-storm rainfall types [J]. Meteor. Mon. (in Chinese), 21(3): 7−10. doi: 10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.1995.3.002 [21] 孙力, 安刚, 廉毅, 等. 2000. 夏季东北冷涡持续性活动及其大气环流异常特征的分析 [J]. 气象学报, 58(6): 704−714. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2000.06.006Sun Li, An Gang, Lian Yi, et al. 2000. A study of the persistent activity of Northeast cold vortex in summer and its general circulation anomaly charecteristics [J]. Acta Meteor. Sinica (in Chinese), 58(6): 704−714. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2000.06.006 [22] 孙力, 安刚, 高枞亭, 等. 2002. 1998年夏季嫩江和松花江流域东北冷涡暴雨的成因分析 [J]. 应用气象学报, 13(2): 156−162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2002.02.003Sun Li, An Gang, Gao Zongting, et al. 2002. A composite diagnostic study of heavy rain caused by the Northeast cold vortex over Songhuajiang–Nenjiang River basin in summer of 1998 [J]. J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. (in Chinese), 13(2): 156−162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2002.02.003 [23] 孙力, 隋波, 王晓明, 等. 2010. 我国东北地区夏季暴雨的气候学特征 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 15(6): 778−786. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2010.06.07Sun Li, Sui Bo, Wang Xiaoming, et al. 2010. Climatic characteristics of the summer hard rain in the northeastern part of China [J]. Climatic Environ. Res. (in Chinese), 15(6): 778−786. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2010.06.07 [24] 陶诗言. 1980. 中国之暴雨[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 133–146.Tao Shiyan. 1980. Heavy Rain in China (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 133–146. [25] 王丽娟, 何金海, 司东, 等. 2010. 东北冷涡过程对江淮梅雨期降水的影响机制 [J]. 大气科学学报, 33(1): 89−97. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2010.01.012Wang Lijuan, He Jinhai, Si Dong, et al. 2010. Analysis of impacts of Northeast cold vortex processes on Meiyu rainfall period over Yangtze–Huaihe River basin [J]. Trans. Atmos. Sci. (in Chinese), 33(1): 89−97. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2010.01.012 [26] 王宁, 云天, 姚帅, 等. 2018. 2017年吉林省两次极端降水成因的综合对比分析 [C]//第35届中国气象学会年会S1灾害天气监测、分析与预报. 合肥: 中国气象学会. Wang Ning, Yun Tian, Yao Shuai, et al. 2018. Analysis on two extreme rainfall precipitation events in Yongji County Jilin Province in 2017 [C]//The 35th Chinese Meteorological Society Annual Meeting for Monitoring, Analysis and Forecasting Weather Disasters (in Chinese). Hefei: China Meteorological Society. [27] 尹宏, 贾逸勤. 2000. 辐射收支对降水数值预报的影响 [J]. 气象学报, 58(1): 115−122. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2000.01.012Yin Hong, Jia Yiqin. 2000. The influence of radiative budget on numerical rain forecast [J]. Acta Meteor. Sinica (in Chinese), 58(1): 115−122. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2000.01.012 [28] 宇如聪, 李建. 2016. 中国大陆日降水峰值时间位相的区域特征分析 [J]. 气象学报, 74(1): 18−30. doi: 10.11676/qxxb2016.011Yu Rucong, Li Jian. 2016. Regional characteristics of diurnal peak phases of precipitation over contiguous China [J]. Acta Meteor. Sinica (in Chinese), 74(1): 18−30. doi: 10.11676/qxxb2016.011 [29] Zhang C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, et al. 2008. Climatology of warm season cold vortices in East Asia: 1979–2005 [J]. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 100(1): 291−301. doi: 10.1007/S00703-008-0310-Y [30] 张立祥, 李泽椿. 2009. 东北冷涡研究概述 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 14(2): 218−228. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.02.11Zhang Lixiang, Li Zechun. 2009. A summary of research on cold vortex over Northeast China [J]. Climatic Environ. Res. (in Chinese), 14(2): 218−228. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.02.11 [31] 赵法存. 2018. 永吉县2017年洪灾成因分析 [J]. 水利规划与设计(9): 34−36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2018.09.010Zhao Facun. 2018. Cause analysis of the flood disaster of Yongji County in 2017 [J]. Water Resources Planning and Design (in Chinese)(9): 34−36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2018.09.010 [32] 郑秀雅, 张廷治, 白人海. 1992. 东北暴雨[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 129–138.Zheng Xiuya, Zhang Tingzhi, Bai Renhai. 1992. Rainstorm in Northeast China (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 129–138. [33] 周琳. 1991. 东北气候[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 122pp.Zhou Lin. 1991. Climate in Northeast China (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 122pp. [34] 朱其文, 章少卿, 周志才, 等. 1997. 前夏东北冷涡活动及其降水分布特征的初步分析[C]//东北冷涡研究文集. 沈阳: 辽宁出版社, 35–42.Zhu Qiwen, Zhang Shaoqing, Zhou Zhicai, et al. 1997. A analysis on activity of cold vortex over northeastern China in early summer and its distributing characteristic of precipitation [C]//Corpus of Research on Cold Vortex over Northeastern China (in Chinese). Shenyang: Liaoning Publishing House, 35–42. [35] 朱乾根, 林锦瑞, 寿绍文, 等. 2000. 天气学原理和方法[M]. 3版. 北京: 气象出版社, 186–187.Zhu Qiangen, Lin Jinrui, Shou Shaowen, et al. 2000. Synoptic Meteorology Principles and Methods (in Chinese) [M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 186–187. [36] 朱占云, 何金海. 2010. 东北冷涡的特征、影响及其可能机制的研究 [J]. 气象与减灾研究, 33(4): 1−8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9033.2010.04.001Zhu Zhanyun, He Jinhai. 2010. Study on the characteristics, effect and possible mechanism of Northeast cold vortex [J]. Meteor. Dis. Reduct. Res. (in Chinese), 33(4): 1−8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9033.2010.04.001 -