Abstract: Herein, based on the wind field data from FNL reanalysis data, the atmospheric wind field at altitudes ranging from 0.8 to 47 km above Taiyuan (37.37°N, 112.35°E) is investigated. The vertical distribution and wind shear characteristics of this region are analyzed through vector averaging and mathematical statistics to understand their effects on aircraft launch activities. This analysis identifies four periods based on wind characteristics: April to June marks the early rainy season, July and August constitute the core rainy season, September and October represent the late rainy season, and November to March marks the winter season. According to the seasonal variation of the wind field, the wind vertical structure is divided into three layers, delineated by two height layers: 5 and 20 km. Below 20 km, the average wind speed in the rainy season is lower than in the other three periods. Above 20 km, the average wind speeds in the winter and rainy seasons are higher than in the early and late rainy seasons. The wind shear characteristics are calculated using the integrated vector wind method. Calculation results indicate that the intensity of wind shear is greatest in the height range of 40–47 km in winter, and the maximum intensity value occurs around 12 km in other periods. The primary influence range of the wind shear caused by the maximum wind is at a certain altitude within ±8 km. Using the new λ-Probability distribution function (λ-PDF) polynomial chaotic expansion method, the wind field parameters are effectively fitted and the uncertainty of the wind field distribution is resolved, providing theoretical guidance for complex flight problems.